tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2020 Feb 14. doi: 10.1111/irv.12724. [Epub ahead of print] [h=1]Human surveillance and phylogeny of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) during an outbreak in poultry in South Africa, 2017.[/h]
Valley-Omar Z[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP], Cloete A[SUP]1[/SUP], Pieterse R[SUP]3[/SUP], Walaza S[SUP]1[/SUP], Salie-Bassier Y[SUP]1[/SUP], Smith M[SUP]1[/SUP], Govender N[SUP]1[/SUP], Seleka M[SUP]1[/SUP], Hellferscee O[SUP]1[/SUP], Mtshali PS[SUP]1[/SUP], Allam M[SUP]1[/SUP], Ismail A[SUP]1[/SUP], Anthony T[SUP]3[/SUP], Seutloali M[SUP]3[/SUP], McCarthy K[SUP]1[/SUP], van Helden L[SUP]4[/SUP], Cohen C[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]5[/SUP], Treurnicht FK[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]6[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] [h=4]BACKGROUND:[/h] In June 2017, an outbreak of the highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) was detected in commercial poultry farms in South Africa, which rapidly spread to all nine South African provinces.
[h=4]OBJECTIVES:[/h] We conducted active surveillance for the transmission of influenza A(H5N8) to humans working with infected birds during the South African outbreak.
[h=4]METHODS:[/h] Influenza A(H5N8)-positive veterinary specimens were used to evaluate the ability of real-time PCR-based assays to detect contemporary avian influenza A(H5N8) strains. Whole genome sequences were generated from these specimens by next-generation sequencing for phylogenetic characterization and screening for mammalian-adaptive mutations.
[h=4]RESULTS:[/h] Human respiratory samples from 74 individuals meeting our case definition, all tested negative for avian influenza A(H5) by real-time PCR, but 2 (3%) were positive for human influenza A(H3N2). 54% (40/74) reported wearing personal protective equipment including overalls, boots, gloves, masks, and goggles. 94% (59/63) of veterinary specimens positive for H5N8 were detected on an influenza A(H5) assay for human diagnostics. A commercial H5N8 assay detected H5 in only 6% (3/48) and N8 in 92% (44/48). Thirteen (13/25; 52%) A(H5N8) genomes generated from veterinary specimens clustered in a single monophyletic clade. These sequences contained the NS (P42S) and PB2 (L89V) mutations noted as markers of mammalian adaptation.
[h=4]CONCLUSIONS:[/h] Diagnostic assays were able to detect and characterize influenza A(H5N8) viruses, but poor performance is reported for a commercial assay. Absence of influenza A(H5N8) in humans with occupational exposure and no clear impression of molecular adaptation for mammalian infection suggest that this avian pathogen continues to be low-risk human pathogen.
? 2020 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] H5N8; South Africa; avian influenza
PMID: 32058677 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12724
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Valley-Omar Z[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP], Cloete A[SUP]1[/SUP], Pieterse R[SUP]3[/SUP], Walaza S[SUP]1[/SUP], Salie-Bassier Y[SUP]1[/SUP], Smith M[SUP]1[/SUP], Govender N[SUP]1[/SUP], Seleka M[SUP]1[/SUP], Hellferscee O[SUP]1[/SUP], Mtshali PS[SUP]1[/SUP], Allam M[SUP]1[/SUP], Ismail A[SUP]1[/SUP], Anthony T[SUP]3[/SUP], Seutloali M[SUP]3[/SUP], McCarthy K[SUP]1[/SUP], van Helden L[SUP]4[/SUP], Cohen C[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]5[/SUP], Treurnicht FK[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]6[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] [h=4]BACKGROUND:[/h] In June 2017, an outbreak of the highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) was detected in commercial poultry farms in South Africa, which rapidly spread to all nine South African provinces.
[h=4]OBJECTIVES:[/h] We conducted active surveillance for the transmission of influenza A(H5N8) to humans working with infected birds during the South African outbreak.
[h=4]METHODS:[/h] Influenza A(H5N8)-positive veterinary specimens were used to evaluate the ability of real-time PCR-based assays to detect contemporary avian influenza A(H5N8) strains. Whole genome sequences were generated from these specimens by next-generation sequencing for phylogenetic characterization and screening for mammalian-adaptive mutations.
[h=4]RESULTS:[/h] Human respiratory samples from 74 individuals meeting our case definition, all tested negative for avian influenza A(H5) by real-time PCR, but 2 (3%) were positive for human influenza A(H3N2). 54% (40/74) reported wearing personal protective equipment including overalls, boots, gloves, masks, and goggles. 94% (59/63) of veterinary specimens positive for H5N8 were detected on an influenza A(H5) assay for human diagnostics. A commercial H5N8 assay detected H5 in only 6% (3/48) and N8 in 92% (44/48). Thirteen (13/25; 52%) A(H5N8) genomes generated from veterinary specimens clustered in a single monophyletic clade. These sequences contained the NS (P42S) and PB2 (L89V) mutations noted as markers of mammalian adaptation.
[h=4]CONCLUSIONS:[/h] Diagnostic assays were able to detect and characterize influenza A(H5N8) viruses, but poor performance is reported for a commercial assay. Absence of influenza A(H5N8) in humans with occupational exposure and no clear impression of molecular adaptation for mammalian infection suggest that this avian pathogen continues to be low-risk human pathogen.
? 2020 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] H5N8; South Africa; avian influenza
PMID: 32058677 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12724
Free full text