• FluTrackers.com Inc. does not provide medical advice. Information on this web site is collected from various internet resources, and the FluTrackers board of directors makes no warranty to the safety, efficacy, correctness or completeness of the information posted on this site by any author or poster. The information collated here is for instructional and/or discussion purposes only and is NOT intended to diagnose or treat any disease, illness, or other medical condition. Every individual reader or poster should seek advice from their personal physician/healthcare practitioner before considering or using any interventions that are discussed on this website. By continuing to access this website you agree to consult your personal physican before using any interventions posted on this website, and you agree to hold harmless FluTrackers.com Inc., the board of directors, the members, and all authors and posters for any effects from use of any medication, supplement, vitamin or other substance, device, intervention, etc. mentioned in posts on this website, or other internet venues referenced in posts on this website.
  • We are not asking for any donations. Do not donate to any entity who says they are raising funds for us.

Hum Vaccin Immunother . Incidence and burden of hospitalizations for major respiratory infections among institutionalized adults followed by primary

tetano

Editor, Senior Moderator
Hum Vaccin Immunother


. 2026 Dec;22(1):2663642.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2026.2663642. Epub 2026 Apr 27.
Incidence and burden of hospitalizations for major respiratory infections among institutionalized adults followed by primary care residence units (UAR) in Madrid, Spain, September 2023-April 2025

Diego Martín-Caro Álvarez[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Javier García Iglesias[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lara Alonso Bonete[SUP] 1 [/SUP], María José Del Olmo Rubio[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Victoria García Martín[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Paula Martín García[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ángel Gil de Miguel[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ruth Gil Prieto[SUP] 5 [/SUP], María Alvargonzález Arrancudiaga[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Eva Castillo Díaz[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Ricardo Rodríguez Barrientos[SUP] 7 8 9 [/SUP]; Residential Care Unit of the Community of Madrid GROUP


Collaborators, Affiliations
Abstract

Institutionalized older adults bear a disproportionate burden of severe respiratory infections, but population-based data from long-term care facilities remain limited. We quantified the incidence and economic impact of hospitalizations attributable to influenza, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and pneumococcal disease among residents covered by the Unidades de Atención a Residencias (UAR) in the Community of Madrid. We performed a retrospective, population-based study linking primary care records (AP Madrid) and hospital discharge data (CMBD) for 40,660 institutionalized adults followed by UARs between September 2023 and April 2025. Hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19, influenza, RSV, or pneumococcal disease were identified using ICD-10 codes. Crude and age- and sex-adjusted hospitalization rates per 100,000 person-years were calculated using the mid-period institutionalized population (July 2024) as denominator, with 95% confidence intervals derived by standard methods. Total hospital costs were estimated by multiplying hospital days by pathogen-specific daily cost values. A total of 2,555 respiratory hospitalizations were identified: 1,102 (43.1%) influenza, 1,003 (39.3%) COVID-19, 289 (11.3%) pneumococcal disease, and 161 (6.3%) RSV, mostly among residents aged ≥80 y (78.4%). Crude hospitalization rates per 100,000 persons were 1,724.1 for COVID-19, 1,310.9 for influenza, 356.6 for pneumococcal disease, and 231.2 for RSV; adjusted rates were 986.7, 932.0, 212.3, and 145.4, respectively. Total hospital costs reached €11.08 million. Institutionalized adults in Madrid experience high hospitalization rates and substantial economic burden from respiratory infections, particularly those aged ≥80 y, highlighting the need for enhanced preventive strategies in long-term care facilities.

Keywords: COVID-19; Respiratory infections; healthcare costs; hospitalization incidence; influenza; institutionalized adults; pneumococcal disease; primary care units; respiratory syncytial virus

 
Back
Top Bottom