tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Hum Immunol
. 2026 Mar 10;87(5):111721.
doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2026.111721. Online ahead of print.
Pre-existing influenza antibodies, younger age, and increased CD4 T[SUB]E+EM[/SUB] predict influenza vaccination responses in transplant recipients
Christiane Rollenhagen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gomathy Parvathinathan[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Margaret R Stedman[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Geetha Chalasani[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Kelly A Birdwell[SUP] 4 [/SUP], M Lee Sanders[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Mohan Ramkumar[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Lauren E Higdon[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Naiqing Ye[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Jefferson J S Santos[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Scott E Hensley[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Jonathan S Maltzman[SUP] 8 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Recipients of kidney transplants require lifelong immunosuppression therapy which is associated with a reduced response to vaccinations. We conducted a longitudinal study of influenza vaccination in US Veteran kidney transplant recipients and correlated demographic factors and T cell characteristics to the immunological outcome of the vaccination. Our data suggest that a consistent history of annual vaccination during the 3 years prior is linked to an increase in influenza antibodies prior to vaccination. High influenza titers post-vaccination are associated with younger age, increased CD4 T[SUB]E+EM[/SUB] cells and pre-existing anti-influenza IgG levels but no association of CMV serostatus or immunologically aged T cells was detected. Thus, preexisting IgG antibodies, age, and CD4 T[SUB]E+EM[/SUB] cells could serve as predictors for the successful influenza vaccination in this at-risk population informing targeted interventions to improve vaccine responses, prevent infections, and reduce influenza-associated comorbidities.
Keywords: Influenza; Kidney Transplant; Vaccination.
. 2026 Mar 10;87(5):111721.
doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2026.111721. Online ahead of print.
Pre-existing influenza antibodies, younger age, and increased CD4 T[SUB]E+EM[/SUB] predict influenza vaccination responses in transplant recipients
Christiane Rollenhagen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gomathy Parvathinathan[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Margaret R Stedman[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Geetha Chalasani[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Kelly A Birdwell[SUP] 4 [/SUP], M Lee Sanders[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Mohan Ramkumar[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Lauren E Higdon[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Naiqing Ye[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Jefferson J S Santos[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Scott E Hensley[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Jonathan S Maltzman[SUP] 8 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 41812549
- DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2026.111721
Recipients of kidney transplants require lifelong immunosuppression therapy which is associated with a reduced response to vaccinations. We conducted a longitudinal study of influenza vaccination in US Veteran kidney transplant recipients and correlated demographic factors and T cell characteristics to the immunological outcome of the vaccination. Our data suggest that a consistent history of annual vaccination during the 3 years prior is linked to an increase in influenza antibodies prior to vaccination. High influenza titers post-vaccination are associated with younger age, increased CD4 T[SUB]E+EM[/SUB] cells and pre-existing anti-influenza IgG levels but no association of CMV serostatus or immunologically aged T cells was detected. Thus, preexisting IgG antibodies, age, and CD4 T[SUB]E+EM[/SUB] cells could serve as predictors for the successful influenza vaccination in this at-risk population informing targeted interventions to improve vaccine responses, prevent infections, and reduce influenza-associated comorbidities.
Keywords: Influenza; Kidney Transplant; Vaccination.