How to Wash Your Hands -

[sharon sanders]

http://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/nutrition/348-965/348-965.html


Why Wash Hands?

Failure to adequately wash hands is a major cause of infectious diseases. Individuals who practice poor personal hygiene while preparing food may spread diseases such as hepatitis A, salmonellosis, and shigellosis. Studies indicate that onethird (33%) of people do not wash their hands after using the restroom. When To Wash Hands?

Wash hands often because disease-causing germs can easily be transferred to food, surfaces, and people.
Germs cannot be seen with the naked eye. Warmth and moisture (perspiration) on skin surfaces allow germs to quickly grow into millions.
Hands should be washed:

• Before, during, and after preparing food
• Before eating food
• After using the restroom
• After coughing, sneezing, or blowing your nose
• After changing diapers
• After handling money
• After handling trash or taking out garbage
• After handling (petting) pets or other animals
• After work or play
• Whenever hands come in contact with body fluids (i.e. runny nose, watery eyes, saliva)
• More frequently when someone in the home is sick
• When hands are dirty

How To Wash Hands?

Hands should be washed vigorously by scrubbing with warm, soapy water for at least 20 seconds. Germs can hide underneath fingernails. Thus, rub tips of fingers along the soapy palm of the alternate hand or use a fingernail brush. Rinse hands well and completely dry with a paper towel or air-dryer. Turn the faucet handle off with a paper towel to avoid recontamination. If you will be preparing food, try not to touch potentially contaminated surfaces after washing your hands. Proper handwashing steps are listed on the other side of the page.




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[sharon sanders]

Re: How to Wash Your Hands -

A Video - How to Wash Your Hands

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iBN3iAdt-Ik&feature=related

 

[sharon sanders]

Re: How to Wash Your Hands -

"Washing with soap and water was statistically superior to the three alcohol-based treatments.."

Efficacy of Soap and Water and Alcohol-Based Hand-Rub Preparations against Live H1N1 Influenza Virus on the Hands of Human Volunteers

M. Lindsay Grayson,Sharmila Melvani,Julian Druce,Ian G. Barr,Susan A. Ballard,Paul D. R. Johnson,Tasoula Mastorakos and Christopher Birch. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1 February 2009, Vol. 48, No. 3: 285-291.


http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/showthread.php?t=91345

 

[gsgs]

Re: How to Wash Your Hands -

> "Washing with soap and water was statistically superior to the
> three alcohol-based treatments.."

..although the difference was small.

 

[tropical]

Re: How to Wash Your Hands -

The "superior" mark given to the soap seems to be because of it's chemical property to stick on impurities and degreas if the soap foam is in contact with them at least for 20 second (that's why the count to 20), by which means than the microbes which was also into such greas/impurities were flushed off by running water.

 

[mixin]

Re: How to Wash Your Hands -

I just threw away my empty sanatizer bottle; but if I remember, the claim is it kills 99.9% of germs? For soap and water to be superior, the kill rate would have to be 100% and I don't remember ever seeing those stats.

It's been said the problem with antibacterial soap is it kills the good bacteria as well as the bad. If soap and water had such a high kill ratio, it seems like we'd be hearing about it.

 

[AlaskaDenise]

Re: How to Wash Your Hands -

I've also read that it's unwise to only use alcohol gels, because they don't remove dirt. That source said that one in every 10 cleanings should be done with soap and water. Sounds reasonable.

.

 

[tropical]

Re: How to Wash Your Hands -

I just threw away my empty sanatizer bottle; but if I remember, the claim is it kills 99.9% of germs? For soap and water to be superior, the kill rate would have to be 100% and I don't remember ever seeing those stats.

It is been said that the problem with antibacterial soap is that it kills the good bacteria as well as the bad. If soap and water had such a high kill ratio, it seems like we'd be hearing about it.

The fact is diferent about soaps because we don't speak of "killing microbes", but of "removing" them.

Apart that the today society has put its reclamizing TV bw. at the n grade to make money, it must be admited that many industrial chemical solution have great potential of sterilization, but also of toxicity.

So, such toxical chems must not be applied to the hands skin.

Thus, remains other types of non-enaugh hard sterilizing chems to be used for home hand sanitation in sanitizers.

Alternatively, it is obvious that you can't all the time wear gloves (but the idea is not bad ...).

The Chineses had an tradition of non-shaking hands, which was a good thing knowing how many germs we can receive this way in an epidemic/pandemic (the collecting money/goods question remains vaccant of course).

After the above 2 possibilities, remains the ordinary soap washing hand option.

The "killing microbes" option by sterilization of an sanitizer, can't be realy 99% because of the (realy needed to do so) quantity of time this chemical should remain on the skin, and because it would be partly inabilitated to penetrate all the skin grease layers containing microbes.

So, we have the soap foam entering the question.
And NOT an anti-bacterial soap, but the ordinary one.

The ordinary soap works NOT by "killing" the germs - but by germ decontamination (removing the contaminants).

As wroted, an short applying time (less than a 1/2 minute) is enaugh to stick greas impurities which contains germs onto the ordinary soap foam , and this way it mostly decontaminate the hands skin from microbes.

The above procedure can be replyed few times, and than it can be applied additionaly an chem sanitizer as an precaution.

The basic principle for any kind of surface decontamination in the absence of special flushing chemicals is by flushing water and soap foam.

 

[gsgs]

Re: How to Wash Your Hands -

some studies how handwashing reduces infections:


http://ebm.bmj.com/cgi/content/extract/11/3/88
4691 children <15 years of age in 906 households in 36 neighbourhoods. Eligible households had 2 children who were <15 years of age (1 of whom was <5 y). Households that had previously received a soap or water vessel intervention were excluded.
Intervention: 25 neighbourhoods (3163 children) were allocated to handwashing, and 11 neighbourhoods (1528 children) were assigned to a control group. Households within the handwashing group were allocated to antibacterial soap (300 households, 1523 children) or plain soap (300 households, 1640 children). Fieldworkers visited households in the handwashing group to discuss the importance of handwashing, to correct handwashing technique, and to encourage participants to wash their hands. See www.evidence-basedmedicine.com for further details about the intervention.
Outcomes: acute respiratory infections (cough or difficulty breathing, congestion


http://www.foodsafety.gov/~dms/fsehandw.html
(Sept.1998)

A study of 305 Detroit school children found that youngsters who washed their hands four times a day had 24% fewer sick days due to respiratory illness, and 51% fewer days lost because of stomach upset.

The students' sick days for a 37-day period were compared to eight other classrooms that did not have scheduled handwashing. Although the handwashing reduced sick days, it had no effect on visits to the doctor, prescription or OTC drug use, or parents' loss of time at work.

A review of surveillance data for U.S. foodborne disease outbreaks over a five-year period (1988 - 1992) by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that, of 2874 outbreaks, contributing factors were reported in 1435 and that poor personal hygiene was a contributing factor in over a third (514) of them.

Plain hand soaps, antimicrobial hand soaps, E2 rated hand soaps (a USDA Classification requiring equivalency to 50 parts per million chlorine), and instant hand sanitizers were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing bacteria on hands. Results showed that all three types of hand soaps were effective, when using a 20-second wash procedure, in reducing bacteria on hands, with the E2 soaps significantly more effective than the other two types of soaps. The instant hand sanitizers resulted in a significant increase in bacterial numbers on hands.

More bacteria were found while wearing rings than not wearing rings

air drying with an electric blower produces the lowest and cloth drying the highest in numbers of both test organisms (viruses and bacteria


http://www.globalhandwashing.org/Publications/Attachments/Cairncross-HandwashingARIs.pdf
Does handwashing reduce the risk of ARIs in developing countries?
another trial is under way (2003). Unfortunately, it is funded by a soap manufacturer,
but thepreliminary results are promising

The strong link found between handwashing and a decrease in respiratory infections follows one other study that showed similar results. A U.S. Navy study showed handwashing reduced the risk of respiratory infections among training recruits by as much as 45 percent

handwashing reduced risk of diarrheal diseases by 47% and more severe outcomes such as cholera and dysentery by 48-59%




http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no01/05-1371_app2.htm

 

[gsgs]

Re: How to Wash Your Hands -

http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no01/05-1371_app2.htm

my summary: (~40% reduction of respiratory illness achieved by good handwashing,
but the effect on influenza is unclear)


studies about the effect of handwashing:
--------------------------------------------------------

25% reduction in respiratory, little effect on diarrheal

42% reduction in school absences due to infectious diseases : 29% GI , 50% respiratory

~50% reduction in respiratori infections in patients, ~30% in stuff, ~10% of episodes confirmed influenza

antibacterial soap was not superior to normal soap

"significant effect" in protecting children against respiratory

39% reduction for respiratory, 32% all infections

17% reduction in colds was seen in <24 months children with no effect in older children.

A 45% reduction in consultations for respiratory, no effect on hospitalization

A small but significant difference on rhinitis and cough in children

20% less illness overall

 

[gsgs]

Re: How to Wash Your Hands -

pubmed on influenza and handwashing:
(I haven't read these)


1 - 43 of 43

1:Efficacy of soap and water and alcohol-based hand-rub preparations against live H1N1
influenza virus on the hands of human volunteers.
Grayson ML, Melvani S, Druce J, Barr IG, Ballard SA, Johnson PD, Mastorakos T, Birch C.
Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Feb 1;48(3):285-91.
2:[Fighting the flu with soap and water. Hand washing as an infection control recommendation to the population--7 hypotheses from a qualitative study about hygiene, flu and pandemic]
Meilicke G, Weissenborn A, Biederbick W, Bartels C.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2008 Nov;51(11):1273-9. German.
3:Influenza vaccination.
Foster D.
AAOHN J. 2008 Oct;56(10):409-11. No abstract available.
4:
Preparing for the next influenza pandemic.
McCullers JA.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008 Oct;27(10 Suppl):S57-9.
PMID: 18820579 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles
5:
Efficacy of disinfectants and hand sanitizers against avian respiratory viruses.
Patnayak DP, Prasad AM, Malik YS, Ramakrishnan MA, Goyal SM.
Avian Dis. 2008 Jun;52(2):199-202.
PMID: 18646446 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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6:
Reducing absenteeism from gastrointestinal and respiratory illness in elementary school students: a randomized, controlled trial of an infection-control intervention.
Sandora TJ, Shih MC, Goldmann DA.
Pediatrics. 2008 Jun;121(6):e1555-62.
PMID: 18519460 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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7:
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions for Military Populations During Pandemic Influenza.
Kili? S, Gray GC.
TAF Prev Med Bull. 2007;6(4):285-290.
PMID: 18516249 [PubMed]
Related Articles Free article in PMC | at journal site
8:
Lessons learned from the 2007-2008 cold and flu season: what worked and what was worthless.
Moyad MA, Robinson LE.
Urol Nurs. 2008 Apr;28(2):146-8, 145. Review.
PMID: 18488594 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles
9:
Preliminary findings of a randomized trial of non-pharmaceutical interventions to prevent influenza transmission in households.
Cowling BJ, Fung RO, Cheng CK, Fang VJ, Chan KH, Seto WH, Yung R, Chiu B, Lee P, Uyeki TM, Houck PM, Peiris JS, Leung GM.
PLoS ONE. 2008 May 7;3(5):e2101.
PMID: 18461182 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles Free article in PMC | at journal site
10:
It's not just about the mask.
Devlin HR, Abou-Sweid S, King J.
Healthc Pap. 2007;8(1):29-33; discussion 50-5.
PMID: 18030034 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles
11:
Antivirals and the control of influenza outbreaks.
Hota S, McGeer A.
Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Nov 15;45(10):1362-8. Epub 2007 Oct 11.
PMID: 17968836 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles
12:
Interventions for the interruption or reduction of the spread of respiratory viruses.
Jefferson T, Foxlee R, Del Mar C, Dooley L, Ferroni E, Hewak B, Prabhala A, Nair S, Rivetti A.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Oct 17;(4):CD006207. Review.
PMID: 17943895 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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13:
Infection prevention and control in pediatric ambulatory settings.
American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases.
Pediatrics. 2007 Sep;120(3):650-65.
PMID: 17766540 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles Free article at journal site
14:
Handwashing: back to the basics.
Maher HK.
AAOHN J. 2007 Mar;55(3):132. No abstract available.
PMID: 17405590 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles
15:
Anticipated and current preventive behaviors in response to an anticipated human-to-human H5N1 epidemic in the Hong Kong Chinese general population.
Lau JT, Kim JH, Tsui HY, Griffiths S.
BMC Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 15;7:18.
PMID: 17359545 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles Free article in PMC | at journal site
16:
Factsheet: pandemic influenza.
[No authors listed]
N S W Public Health Bull. 2006 Sep-Oct;17(9-10):152-3. No abstract available.
PMID: 17354329 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles
17:
Suitability of vaccinia virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) for determining activities of three commonly-used alcohol-based hand rubs against enveloped viruses.
Kampf G, Steinmann J, Rabenau H.
BMC Infect Dis. 2007 Feb 9;7:5.
PMID: 17291338 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles Free article in PMC | at journal site
18:
Flu season and the threat of a pandemic.
Miller-Meeks M.
Iowa Med. 2006 Nov-Dec;96(6):8. No abstract available.
PMID: 17269575 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles
19:
Personal (non-pharmaceutical) protective measures for reducing transmission of influenza--ECDC interim recommendations.
Nicoll A.
Euro Surveill. 2006 Oct 12;11(10):E061012.1. No abstract available. Erratum in: Euro Surveill. 2006 Nov;11(11):E061103.4.
PMID: 17213533 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles Free article at journal site
20:
N-95 face mask for prevention of bird flu virus: an appraisal of nanostructure and implication for infectious control.
Wiwanitkit V.
Lung. 2006 Nov-Dec;184(6):373-4. Epub 2006 Nov 3. No abstract available.
PMID: 17086463 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles
21:
Acute respiratory tract infections among Hajj medical mission personnel, Saudi Arabia.
Al-Asmary S, Al-Shehri AS, Abou-Zeid A, Abdel-Fattah M, Hifnawy T, El-Said T.
Int J Infect Dis. 2007 May;11(3):268-72. Epub 2006 Aug 14.
PMID: 16905350 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles
22:
Bird flu: don't fly into a panic. Whether the H5N1 virus will "make the jump" and spread among humans is uncertain, but here are some tips to protect yourself.
[No authors listed]
Harv Health Lett. 2006 Jun;31(8):1-3. No abstract available.
PMID: 16835948 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles
23:
Non-pharmaceutical interventions for pandemic influenza, national and community measures.
Bell DM; World Health Organization Writing Group.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Jan;12(1):88-94.
PMID: 16494723 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles Free article at journal site
24:
Focusing on this year's flu...use healthy handwashing...and when soap and water aren't handy, hand gels work well, too.
[No authors listed]
Child Health Alert. 2005 Nov;23:1-2. No abstract available.
PMID: 16416537 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles
25:
The bird flu conundrum.
Ashley KE, Deshazo RD.
Am J Med Sci. 2006 Jan;331(1):2-3. No abstract available.
PMID: 16415655 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles
26:
Nosocomial rotavirus infection in European countries: a review of the epidemiology, severity and economic burden of hospital-acquired rotavirus disease.
Gleizes O, Desselberger U, Tatochenko V, Rodrigo C, Salman N, Mezner Z, Giaquinto C, Grimprel E.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006 Jan;25(1 Suppl):S12-21. Review.
PMID: 16397425 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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27:
Dental health professionals vital in reducing effects of influenza.
Wessner M.
Pa Dent J (Harrisb). 2005 Sep-Oct;72(5):35-6. No abstract available.
PMID: 16379153 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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28:
Virucidal activity of a new hand disinfectant with reduced ethanol content: comparison with other alcohol-based formulations.
Kramer A, Galabov AS, Sattar SA, D?hner L, Pivert A, Payan C, Wolff MH, Yilmaz A, Steinmann J.
J Hosp Infect. 2006 Jan;62(1):98-106. Epub 2005 Nov 22.
PMID: 16307826 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles
29:
Influenza vaccine 2005-2006.
[No authors listed]
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2005 Oct 24;47(1220):85-7. No abstract available.
PMID: 16264371 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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30:
Preventive strategies for aspiration pneumonia in elderly disabled persons.
Ohrui T.
Tohoku J Exp Med. 2005 Sep;207(1):3-12. Review.
PMID: 16082150 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Articles Free article at journal site
31:
Immunizations, neonatal jaundice, and animal-induced injuries.
Lee MS, Bernstein HH.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2005 Jun;17(3):418-29. Review.
PMID: 15891438 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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32:
What to do about the flu.
[No authors listed]
Harv Mens Health Watch. 2005 Jan;9(6):7-8. No abstract available.
PMID: 15773011 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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33:
Preventing exposure to influenza: steps health care workers can take.
de Castro AB, Peterson C.
Am J Nurs. 2005 Jan;105(1):112. No abstract available.
PMID: 15660013 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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34:
Patient education. Vaccination is not the only way to help prevent the flu.
[No authors listed]
Geriatrics. 2004 Nov;59(11):61-2. No abstract available.
PMID: 15615162 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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35:
Can antiviral tissues prevent the spread of colds?
[No authors listed]
Consum Rep. 2004 Dec;69(12):56. No abstract available.
PMID: 15586956 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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36:
Evolution of equine infection control programs.
Smith BP.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2004 Dec;20(3):521-30, v. Review.
PMID: 15519815 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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37:
Protecting children from the flu: the flu vaccine is one way...and there's handwashing.
[No authors listed]
Child Health Alert. 2002 Dec;20:2. No abstract available.
PMID: 12523276 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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38:
Fighting the flu.
Bren L.
FDA Consum. 2001 Jan-Feb;35(1):12-3. No abstract available.
PMID: 11930917 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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39:
Hand washing decreases risk of colds and flu.
Carter JM.
J Natl Med Assoc. 2002 Feb;94(2):A11. No abstract available.
PMID: 11853053 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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40:
Beat the winter bugs. How to hold your own against colds and flu.
Meadows M.
FDA Consum. 2001 Nov-Dec;35(6):11-7. Review. No abstract available.
PMID: 11785487 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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41:
[Epidemiology of viral nosocomial infections in pediatrics]
Aho LS, Simon I, Bour JB, Morales-Gineste L, Pothier P, Gouyon JB.
Pathol Biol (Paris). 2000 Dec;48(10):885-92. Review. French.
PMID: 11204919 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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42:
Occupationally acquired infections in health care workers. Part I.
Sepkowitz KA.
Ann Intern Med. 1996 Nov 15;125(10):826-34. Review.
PMID: 8928990 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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43:
Prevention of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia.
Simberkoff MS, Santos MR.
Curr Opin Pulm Med. 1996 May;2(3):228-35. Review.
PMID: 9363144 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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[sharon sanders]

Re: How to Wash Your Hands -

bump this

 

[sharon sanders]

bump this

 

[kiwibird]

https://twitter.com/i/status/1232327576930127872

Very cool video! Even the kids will watch it!

 

[kiwibird]

LOL that is such a mum statement.

 

[Sally Furniss]

https://twitter.com/i/status/1232327576930127872

Very cool video! Even the kids will watch it!

Great video! A great solution for removing contaminated gloves

 

[Frozenthunderbolt]

The other effective teaching tools for kids are the 'contamination' myth busters episode and the one titled 'how to stop a sneeze' both have amazing visual representations.