tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Infect Dis. 2018 Dec 12. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy702. [Epub ahead of print]
[h=1]Household transmission of seasonal influenza from HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals in South Africa, 2013-2014.[/h] Cohen C[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP], Tshangela A[SUP]1[/SUP], Valley-Omar Z[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]3[/SUP], Iyengar P[SUP]4[/SUP], von Mollendorf C[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP], Walaza S[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP], Hellferscee O[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]5[/SUP], Venter M[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]6[/SUP], Martinson N[SUP]7[/SUP], Mahlase G[SUP]8[/SUP], McMorrow M[SUP]9,[/SUP][SUP]10[/SUP], Cowling BJ[SUP]11[/SUP], Treurnicht FK[SUP]1[/SUP], Cohen AL[SUP]9,[/SUP][SUP]10,[/SUP][SUP]12[/SUP], Tempia S[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]9,[/SUP][SUP]10[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] [h=4]Background:[/h] Differential transmission from HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected individuals may impact influenza burden. We estimated the household secondary infection risk (SIR) and serial interval (SI) for influenza transmission from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected index cases and identified associated factors.
[h=4]Methods:[/h] Index cases were the first symptomatic person in a household with influenza-like illness, testing influenza positive on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Nasopharyngeal swabs collected from household contacts every four days were tested by rRT-PCR. Factors associated with SIR were evaluated using logistic regression.
[h=4]Results:[/h] We enrolled 28 HIV-infected and 57 HIV-uninfected index cases. On multivariable analysis, HIV-infected index cases were less likely to transmit influenza to household contacts (odds ratio (OR) 0.2 95% CI 0.1-0.6)(SIR 16%, 18/113 vs 27%, 59/220). Factors associated with increased SIR included index age group 1-4 years (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2-11.3) and 25-44 years (OR 8.0, 95% CI 1.8-36.7) and contact age group 1-4 years (OR 3.5, 95%CI 1.2-10.3) compared to 5-14 years and sleeping with index case (OR 2.7, 95%CI 1.3-5.5). HIV-infection of index case was not associated with SI.
[h=4]Conclusions:[/h] HIV-infection was not associated with SI. Increased infectiousness of HIV-infected individuals is likely not an important driver of community influenza transmission.
PMID: 30541140 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy702
[h=1]Household transmission of seasonal influenza from HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals in South Africa, 2013-2014.[/h] Cohen C[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP], Tshangela A[SUP]1[/SUP], Valley-Omar Z[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]3[/SUP], Iyengar P[SUP]4[/SUP], von Mollendorf C[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP], Walaza S[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP], Hellferscee O[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]5[/SUP], Venter M[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]6[/SUP], Martinson N[SUP]7[/SUP], Mahlase G[SUP]8[/SUP], McMorrow M[SUP]9,[/SUP][SUP]10[/SUP], Cowling BJ[SUP]11[/SUP], Treurnicht FK[SUP]1[/SUP], Cohen AL[SUP]9,[/SUP][SUP]10,[/SUP][SUP]12[/SUP], Tempia S[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]9,[/SUP][SUP]10[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] [h=4]Background:[/h] Differential transmission from HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected individuals may impact influenza burden. We estimated the household secondary infection risk (SIR) and serial interval (SI) for influenza transmission from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected index cases and identified associated factors.
[h=4]Methods:[/h] Index cases were the first symptomatic person in a household with influenza-like illness, testing influenza positive on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Nasopharyngeal swabs collected from household contacts every four days were tested by rRT-PCR. Factors associated with SIR were evaluated using logistic regression.
[h=4]Results:[/h] We enrolled 28 HIV-infected and 57 HIV-uninfected index cases. On multivariable analysis, HIV-infected index cases were less likely to transmit influenza to household contacts (odds ratio (OR) 0.2 95% CI 0.1-0.6)(SIR 16%, 18/113 vs 27%, 59/220). Factors associated with increased SIR included index age group 1-4 years (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2-11.3) and 25-44 years (OR 8.0, 95% CI 1.8-36.7) and contact age group 1-4 years (OR 3.5, 95%CI 1.2-10.3) compared to 5-14 years and sleeping with index case (OR 2.7, 95%CI 1.3-5.5). HIV-infection of index case was not associated with SI.
[h=4]Conclusions:[/h] HIV-infection was not associated with SI. Increased infectiousness of HIV-infected individuals is likely not an important driver of community influenza transmission.
PMID: 30541140 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy702