Highly pathogenic avian influenza, South Africa (WAHID Interface - OIE World Animal Health Information Database, April 12 2011, edited), H5N2, ostrich

[Giuseppe]

Highly pathogenic avian influenza, South Africa (WAHID Interface - OIE World Animal Health Information Database, April 12 2011, edited)


[Source: OIE, full page: <cite cite="http://web.oie.int/wahis/public.php?page=single_report&pop=1&reportid=10477">WAHID Interface - OIE World Animal Health Information Database</cite>. Extract, edited.]

Highly pathogenic avian influenza, South Africa

Information received on 12/04/2011 from Dr Bothle Michael Modisane, Chief Director Partnerships, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Food Safety and Biosecurity, PRETORIA, South Africa

• Summary
  • Report type Immediate notification
  • Start date 01/02/2011
  • Date of first confirmation of the event 16/03/2011
  • Report date 11/04/2011
  • Date submitted to OIE 12/04/2011
  • Reason for notification Reoccurrence of a listed disease
  • Date of previous occurrence 07/2006
  • Manifestation of disease Clinical disease
  • Causal agent Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
  • Serotype H5N2
  • Nature of diagnosis Laboratory (advanced)
  • This event pertains to the whole country

• New outbreaks
  • Outbreak 1 - (AI_WCP2011_01) AI_WCP2011_01, Oudtshoorn, WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE
    • Date of start of the outbreak 01/02/2011
    • Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
    • Epidemiological unit Farm
    • Affected animals: Species - Susceptible - Cases - Deaths - Destroyed - Slaughtered
      • Birds - 207 - ... - 0 - 0 - 0
      • Affected Population Commercial ostrich farm.
      • Outbreak picked up during routine surveillance.
      • No clinical signs seen.
  • Outbreak 2 - (AI_WCP2011_02) AI_WCP2011_02, Uniondale, WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE
    • Date of start of the outbreak 01/03/2011
    • Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
    • Epidemiological unit Farm
    • Affected animals: Species - Susceptible - Cases - Deaths - Destroyed - Slaughtered
      • Birds - 6523 - 0 - 0 - 0
      • Affected Population Commercial ostrich farm.
      • Outbreak picked up during routine surveillance.
      • No clinical signs seen.
  • Outbreak 3 - (AI_WCP2011_03) AI_WCP2011_03, Oudtshoorn, WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE
    • Date of start of the outbreak 20/02/2011
    • Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
    • Epidemiological unit Farm
    • Affected animals: Species - Susceptible - Cases - Deaths - Destroyed - Slaughtered
      • Birds - 5754 - 100 - 100 - 0 - 0
      • Affected Population Commercial ostrich farm.
      • Outbreak picked up during routine surveillance.
      • Mortalities and clinical signs started afterwards.
      • PCR positive for H5N2.
  • Outbreak 4 - (AI_WCP2011_04) AI_WCP2011_04, Oudtshoorn, WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE
    • Date of start of the outbreak 01/03/2011
    • Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
    • Epidemiological unit Farm
    • Affected animals: Species - Susceptible - Cases - Deaths - Destroyed - Slaughtered
      • Birds - 1610 - ... - 0 - 0 - 0
      • Affected Population Commercial ostrich farm.
      • Outbreak picked up during routine surveillance.
      • No clinical signs seen.
  • Outbreak 5 - (AI_WCP2011_05) AI_WCP2011_05, Uniondale, WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE
    • Date of start of the outbreak 01/03/2011
    • Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
    • Epidemiological unit Farm
    • Affected animals: Species - Susceptible - Cases - Deaths - Destroyed - Slaughtered
      • Birds - 819 - ... - 0 - 0 - 0
      • Affected Population Commercial ostrich farm.
      • Outbreak picked up during routine surveillance.
      • No clinical signs seen.

• Summary of outbreaks
  • Total outbreaks: 5
  • Total animals affected: Species - Susceptible - Cases - Deaths - Destroyed - Slaughtered
    • Birds - 14913 - 100** - 100 - 0 - 0
  • Outbreak statistics: Species - Apparent morbidity rate - Apparent mortality rate - Apparent case fatality rate - Proportion susceptible animals lost*
    • Birds - ** - 0.67% - ** - 0.67%
    • * Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter
    • ** Not calculated because of missing information

• Epidemiology
  • Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection
    • Unknown or inconclusive

• Epidemiological comments
  • Commercial ostrich farms. Farms tested positive on serology during routine surveillance, but tested negative on PCR and no virus could be found.
  • Diagnosis only confirmed after several follow-up PCR tests.
  • South Africa only reports outbreaks on confirmation on PCR tests.
  • Initially no clinical signs or mortalities were seen.

• Control measures
  • Measures applied
    • Quarantine
    • Screening
    • Vaccination prohibited
    • No treatment of affected animals
  • Measures to be applied
    • Stamping out

• Diagnostic test results
  • Laboratory name and type Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (ARC ? OVI) (National laboratory)
    • Tests and results: Species - Test - Test date - Result
      • Birds - haemagglutination inhibition test (HIT) - 16/03/2011 - Positive
      • Birds - real-time PCR - 09/04/2011 - Positive
      • Birds - real-time PCR - 12/04/2011 - Positive

• Future Reporting
  • The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.

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