Highly pathogenic avian influenza, Nepal (OIE, February 13 2012): 3 New H5N1 Poultry & Wild Birds Outbreaks, Mechi, Koshi, Bagmati

[Giuseppe]

[Source: OIE, full page: (LINK). Edited.]


Highly pathogenic avian influenza, Nepal


Information received on 12/02/2012 from Dr Nar Bahadur Rajwar, Director General, Department of Livestock Services, Department of Livestock Services, Lalitpur, Nepal

• Summary
  • Report type Follow-up report No. 1
  • Start date 10/11/2011
  • Date of first confirmation of the event 14/11/2011
  • Report date 12/02/2012
  • Date submitted to OIE 12/02/2012
  • Reason for notification Reoccurrence of a listed disease
  • Date of previous occurrence 30/10/2010
  • Manifestation of disease Clinical disease
  • Causal agent Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
  • Serotype H5N1
  • Nature of diagnosis Clinical, Laboratory (basic), Laboratory (advanced), Necropsy
  • This event pertains to the whole country
  • Related reports
    • Immediate notification (02/12/2011)
    • Follow-up report No. 1 (12/02/2012)
• New outbreaks
  • Outbreak 1 - Dhurbise Panchami, Phaktep-5 (Panchthar)/Phakpok 2 (Ilam), Ilam/Panchthar (bordering area), MECHI
    • Date of start of the outbreak 18/01/2012
    • Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
    • Epidemiological unit Village
    • Affected animals: Species ? Susceptible ? Cases ? Deaths ? Destroyed ? Slaughtered
      • Birds ? 741 ? 500 ? 500 ? 241 ? 0
      • Affected Population:
        • Backyard chicken reared in the bordering village of Ilam and Panchthar districts were found having clinical signs and mortality during the routine surveillance activity.
        • Dead birds collected from the area were found positive for HPAI.
  • Outbreak 2 - Pathivara poultry farm, Khanar-4, Khanar VDC-4, Sunsari, KOSHI
    • Date of start of the outbreak 19/01/2012
    • Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
    • Epidemiological unit Farm
    • Affected animals: Species ? Susceptible ? Cases ? Deaths ? Destroyed ? Slaughtered
      • Birds ? 5000 ? 2615 ? 2615 ? 2385 ? 0
      • Affected Population:
        • A commercial layer farm at the initial stage of laying
  • Outbreak 3 - Near City Hall, Kathmandu Municipality-31, Kathmandu, BAGMATI
    • Date of start of the outbreak 17/01/2012
    • Outbreak status Resolved (17/01/2012)
    • Epidemiological unit Not applicable
    • Affected animals: Species ? Susceptible ? Cases ? Deaths ? Destroyed ? Slaughtered
      • Wild species - ? ? 4 ? 4 ? 0 ? 0
      • Affected Population:
        • Four crows were found dead near the city hall of Kathmandu Metropolitan City-31 on 17 January 2012.
        • Crows are widely distributed throughout the residential area in Nepal.
• Summary of outbreaks
  • Total outbreaks: 3
  • Total animals affected: Species ? Susceptible ? Cases ? Deaths ? Destroyed ? Slaughtered
    • Birds ? 5741 ? 3115 ? 3115 ? 2626 ? 0
    • Wild species - ? ? 4 ? 4 ? 0 ? 0
  • Outbreak statistics: Species - Apparent morbidity rate - Apparent mortality rate - Apparent case fatality rate - Proportion susceptible animals lost*
    • Birds - 54.26% - 54.26% - 100.00% - 100.00%
    • Wild species ? ** ? ** - 100.00% ? **
    • * Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter
    • ** Not calculated because of missing information
• Epidemiology
  • Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection
    • Unknown or inconclusive
• Epidemiological comments
  • Stamping out and cleaning and disinfection of the infected premises in Manahara Phat were completed on 30 November 2011.
  • Post-operative surveillance activities were carried out for 42 days and no further cases were detected.
  • Risk-based intensive surveillance is being carried out throughout the country including wild bird zone for avian influenza.
  • For the outbreak concerning wild birds the date of end of the outbreak is the same as the date when the birds were found dead.
  • The susceptible population is not known as the cases have been detected in wild roaming crows.
  • Stamping out activity has been completed in Pathivara poultry farm on 6 February 2012 and cleaning, disinfection and sealing of the infected farm was completed on 8 February 2012.
  • Post-operative surveillance has been carried out as per the national surveillance plan of Nepal.
• Control measures
  • Measures applied
    • Stamping out
    • Quarantine
    • Movement control inside the country
    • Screening
    • Disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s)
    • Dipping / Spraying
    • Vaccination prohibited
    • No treatment of affected animals
  • Measures to be applied
    • No other measures
• Diagnostic test results
  • Laboratory name and type Central Veterinary Laboratory (National laboratory)
    • Tests and results: Species ? Test - Test date ? Result
      • Birds - polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - 26/01/2012 ? Positive
      • Birds - polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - 27/01/2012 ? Positive
      • Wild species - polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - 19/01/2012 ? Positive
      • Wild species - rapid tests - 19/01/2012 ? Positive
  • Laboratory name and type Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA), Weybridge, United Kingdom (OIE?s Reference Laboratory)
    • Tests and results: Species ? Test - Test date ? Result
      • Birds - reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) - 02/02/2012 ? Positive
      • Birds - reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) - 03/02/2012 ? Positive
      • Wild species - reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) - 27/01/2012 ? Positive
• Future Reporting
  • The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.

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