Emily
Editor, Senior Moderator
Martin B. Kalinowski,
Global emission inventory of 131mXe, 133Xe, 133mXe, and 135Xe from all kinds of nuclear facilities for the reference year 2014,
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,
Volume 261,
2023,
107121,
ISSN 0265-931X,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107121.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X23000140)
Abstract: Global radioactivity monitoring for the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) includes the four xenon isotopes 131mXe, 133Xe, 133mXe and 135Xe. These four isotopes are serving as important indicators of nuclear explosions. The state-of-the-art radioxenon emission inventory uses generic release estimates for each known nuclear facility. However, the release amount can vary by several orders of magnitude from year to year. The year 2014 was selected for a single year radioxenon emission inventory with minimized uncertainty. Whenever 2014 emissions reported by the facility operator are available these are incorporated into the 2014 emission inventory. This paper summarizes this new emission inventory. The emissions are compared with previous studies. The global radioxenon emission inventory for 2014 can be used for studies to estimate the contribution of this anthropogenic source to the observed ambient concentrations at IMS noble gas sensors to support CTBT monitoring activities, including calibration and performance assessment of the verification system as described in the Treaty as well as developing and validating methods for enhanced detection capabilities of signals that may indicate a nuclear test. One specific application is the 1st Nuclear Explosion Signal Screening Open Inter-Comparison Exercise announced end of 2021.
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Medical isotope production facilities (MIPFs)
The medical isotope production facilities (MIPFs) have the largest emissions of all sources of radioxenon from normal operation of nuclear facilities. There are 13 radiopharmaceutical facilities handling large amounts of isotopes. Table 1 summarizes the names and location of these facilities and indicates for which of them updates of radioxenon emission values are presented here in comparison to the data given by Achim et al. (2016) and Gueibe et al. (2017). The geographical locations of the
Comparing emissions of different facility types
The global radioxenon emission inventory results from different types of facilities. This paper discusses the releases of MIPFs, NPPs, NRRs, SNSs, and spent nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities. There are also other source types, but they cause much smaller releases and are not relevant for nuclear explosion monitoring unless the source happens to be located in close vicinity of an IMS noble gas system. These are facilities handling and repacking medical isotopes as well as hospitals that apply
Global emission inventory of 131mXe, 133Xe, 133mXe, and 135Xe from all kinds of nuclear facilities for the reference year 2014,
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,
Volume 261,
2023,
107121,
ISSN 0265-931X,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107121.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X23000140)
Abstract: Global radioactivity monitoring for the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) includes the four xenon isotopes 131mXe, 133Xe, 133mXe and 135Xe. These four isotopes are serving as important indicators of nuclear explosions. The state-of-the-art radioxenon emission inventory uses generic release estimates for each known nuclear facility. However, the release amount can vary by several orders of magnitude from year to year. The year 2014 was selected for a single year radioxenon emission inventory with minimized uncertainty. Whenever 2014 emissions reported by the facility operator are available these are incorporated into the 2014 emission inventory. This paper summarizes this new emission inventory. The emissions are compared with previous studies. The global radioxenon emission inventory for 2014 can be used for studies to estimate the contribution of this anthropogenic source to the observed ambient concentrations at IMS noble gas sensors to support CTBT monitoring activities, including calibration and performance assessment of the verification system as described in the Treaty as well as developing and validating methods for enhanced detection capabilities of signals that may indicate a nuclear test. One specific application is the 1st Nuclear Explosion Signal Screening Open Inter-Comparison Exercise announced end of 2021.
...
... Section snippets
Medical isotope production facilities (MIPFs)
The medical isotope production facilities (MIPFs) have the largest emissions of all sources of radioxenon from normal operation of nuclear facilities. There are 13 radiopharmaceutical facilities handling large amounts of isotopes. Table 1 summarizes the names and location of these facilities and indicates for which of them updates of radioxenon emission values are presented here in comparison to the data given by Achim et al. (2016) and Gueibe et al. (2017). The geographical locations of the
Comparing emissions of different facility types
The global radioxenon emission inventory results from different types of facilities. This paper discusses the releases of MIPFs, NPPs, NRRs, SNSs, and spent nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities. There are also other source types, but they cause much smaller releases and are not relevant for nuclear explosion monitoring unless the source happens to be located in close vicinity of an IMS noble gas system. These are facilities handling and repacking medical isotopes as well as hospitals that apply