tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Lancet Glob Health. 2020 Feb 20. pii: S2214-109X(19)30545-5. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30545-5. [Epub ahead of print] [h=1]Global burden of respiratory infections associated with seasonal influenza in children under 5 years in 2018: a systematic review and modelling study.[/h]
Wang X[SUP]1[/SUP], Li Y[SUP]1[/SUP], O'Brien KL[SUP]2[/SUP], Madhi SA[SUP]3[/SUP], Widdowson MA[SUP]4[/SUP], Byass P[SUP]5[/SUP], Omer SB[SUP]6[/SUP], Abbas Q[SUP]7[/SUP], Ali A[SUP]7[/SUP], Amu A[SUP]8[/SUP], Azziz-Baumgartner E[SUP]9[/SUP], Bassat Q[SUP]10[/SUP], Abdullah Brooks W[SUP]2[/SUP], Chaves SS[SUP]11[/SUP], Chung A[SUP]1[/SUP], Cohen C[SUP]12[/SUP], Echavarria M[SUP]13[/SUP], Fasce RA[SUP]14[/SUP], Gentile A[SUP]15[/SUP], Gordon A[SUP]16[/SUP], Groome M[SUP]3[/SUP], Heikkinen T[SUP]17[/SUP], Hirve S[SUP]18[/SUP], Jara JH[SUP]19[/SUP], Katz MA[SUP]20[/SUP], Khuri-Bulos N[SUP]21[/SUP], Krishnan A[SUP]22[/SUP], de Leon O[SUP]19[/SUP], Lucero MG[SUP]23[/SUP], McCracken JP[SUP]19[/SUP], Mira-Iglesias A[SUP]24[/SUP], Mo?si JC[SUP]25[/SUP], Munywoki PK[SUP]26[/SUP], Ourohir? M[SUP]27[/SUP], Polack FP[SUP]28[/SUP], Rahi M[SUP]1[/SUP], Rasmussen ZA[SUP]29[/SUP], Rath BA[SUP]30[/SUP], Saha SK[SUP]31[/SUP], Sim?es EA[SUP]32[/SUP], Sotomayor V[SUP]33[/SUP], Thamthitiwat S[SUP]34[/SUP], Treurnicht FK[SUP]35[/SUP], Wamukoya M[SUP]36[/SUP], Yoshida LM[SUP]37[/SUP], Zar HJ[SUP]38[/SUP], Campbell H[SUP]1[/SUP], Nair H[SUP]39[/SUP]; Respiratory Virus Global Epidemiology Network.
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] [h=4]BACKGROUND:[/h] Seasonal influenza virus is a common cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children. In 2008, we estimated that 20 million influenza-virus-associated ALRI and 1 million influenza-virus-associated severe ALRI occurred in children under 5 years globally. Despite this substantial burden, only a few low-income and middle-income countries have adopted routine influenza vaccination policies for children and, where present, these have achieved only low or unknown levels of vaccine uptake. Moreover, the influenza burden might have changed due to the emergence and circulation of influenza A/H1N1pdm09. We aimed to incorporate new data to update estimates of the global number of cases, hospital admissions, and mortality from influenza-virus-associated respiratory infections in children under 5 years in 2018.
[h=4]METHODS:[/h] We estimated the regional and global burden of influenza-associated respiratory infections in children under 5 years from a systematic review of 100 studies published between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2018, and a further 57 high-quality unpublished studies. We adapted the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess the risk of bias. We estimated incidence and hospitalisation rates of influenza-virus-associated respiratory infections by severity, case ascertainment, region, and age. We estimated in-hospital deaths from influenza virus ALRI by combining hospital admissions and in-hospital case-fatality ratios of influenza virus ALRI. We estimated the upper bound of influenza virus-associated ALRI deaths based on the number of in-hospital deaths, US paediatric influenza-associated death data, and population-based childhood all-cause pneumonia mortality data in six sites in low-income and lower-middle-income countries.
[h=4]FINDINGS:[/h] In 2018, among children under 5 years globally, there were an estimated 109?5 million influenza virus episodes (uncertainty range [UR] 63?1-190?6), 10?1 million influenza-virus-associated ALRI cases (6?8-15?1); 870 000 influenza-virus-associated ALRI hospital admissions (543 000-1 415 000), 15 300 in-hospital deaths (5800-43 800), and up to 34 800 (13 200-97 200) overall influenza-virus-associated ALRI deaths. Influenza virus accounted for 7% of ALRI cases, 5% of ALRI hospital admissions, and 4% of ALRI deaths in children under 5 years. About 23% of the hospital admissions and 36% of the in-hospital deaths were in infants under 6 months. About 82% of the in-hospital deaths occurred in low-income and lower-middle-income countries.
[h=4]INTERPRETATION:[/h] A large proportion of the influenza-associated burden occurs among young infants and in low-income and lower middle-income countries. Our findings provide new and important evidence for maternal and paediatric influenza immunisation, and should inform future immunisation policy particularly in low-income and middle-income countries.
[h=4]FUNDING:[/h] WHO; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Copyright ? 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
PMID: 32087815 DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30545-5
Free full text
Wang X[SUP]1[/SUP], Li Y[SUP]1[/SUP], O'Brien KL[SUP]2[/SUP], Madhi SA[SUP]3[/SUP], Widdowson MA[SUP]4[/SUP], Byass P[SUP]5[/SUP], Omer SB[SUP]6[/SUP], Abbas Q[SUP]7[/SUP], Ali A[SUP]7[/SUP], Amu A[SUP]8[/SUP], Azziz-Baumgartner E[SUP]9[/SUP], Bassat Q[SUP]10[/SUP], Abdullah Brooks W[SUP]2[/SUP], Chaves SS[SUP]11[/SUP], Chung A[SUP]1[/SUP], Cohen C[SUP]12[/SUP], Echavarria M[SUP]13[/SUP], Fasce RA[SUP]14[/SUP], Gentile A[SUP]15[/SUP], Gordon A[SUP]16[/SUP], Groome M[SUP]3[/SUP], Heikkinen T[SUP]17[/SUP], Hirve S[SUP]18[/SUP], Jara JH[SUP]19[/SUP], Katz MA[SUP]20[/SUP], Khuri-Bulos N[SUP]21[/SUP], Krishnan A[SUP]22[/SUP], de Leon O[SUP]19[/SUP], Lucero MG[SUP]23[/SUP], McCracken JP[SUP]19[/SUP], Mira-Iglesias A[SUP]24[/SUP], Mo?si JC[SUP]25[/SUP], Munywoki PK[SUP]26[/SUP], Ourohir? M[SUP]27[/SUP], Polack FP[SUP]28[/SUP], Rahi M[SUP]1[/SUP], Rasmussen ZA[SUP]29[/SUP], Rath BA[SUP]30[/SUP], Saha SK[SUP]31[/SUP], Sim?es EA[SUP]32[/SUP], Sotomayor V[SUP]33[/SUP], Thamthitiwat S[SUP]34[/SUP], Treurnicht FK[SUP]35[/SUP], Wamukoya M[SUP]36[/SUP], Yoshida LM[SUP]37[/SUP], Zar HJ[SUP]38[/SUP], Campbell H[SUP]1[/SUP], Nair H[SUP]39[/SUP]; Respiratory Virus Global Epidemiology Network.
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] [h=4]BACKGROUND:[/h] Seasonal influenza virus is a common cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children. In 2008, we estimated that 20 million influenza-virus-associated ALRI and 1 million influenza-virus-associated severe ALRI occurred in children under 5 years globally. Despite this substantial burden, only a few low-income and middle-income countries have adopted routine influenza vaccination policies for children and, where present, these have achieved only low or unknown levels of vaccine uptake. Moreover, the influenza burden might have changed due to the emergence and circulation of influenza A/H1N1pdm09. We aimed to incorporate new data to update estimates of the global number of cases, hospital admissions, and mortality from influenza-virus-associated respiratory infections in children under 5 years in 2018.
[h=4]METHODS:[/h] We estimated the regional and global burden of influenza-associated respiratory infections in children under 5 years from a systematic review of 100 studies published between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2018, and a further 57 high-quality unpublished studies. We adapted the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess the risk of bias. We estimated incidence and hospitalisation rates of influenza-virus-associated respiratory infections by severity, case ascertainment, region, and age. We estimated in-hospital deaths from influenza virus ALRI by combining hospital admissions and in-hospital case-fatality ratios of influenza virus ALRI. We estimated the upper bound of influenza virus-associated ALRI deaths based on the number of in-hospital deaths, US paediatric influenza-associated death data, and population-based childhood all-cause pneumonia mortality data in six sites in low-income and lower-middle-income countries.
[h=4]FINDINGS:[/h] In 2018, among children under 5 years globally, there were an estimated 109?5 million influenza virus episodes (uncertainty range [UR] 63?1-190?6), 10?1 million influenza-virus-associated ALRI cases (6?8-15?1); 870 000 influenza-virus-associated ALRI hospital admissions (543 000-1 415 000), 15 300 in-hospital deaths (5800-43 800), and up to 34 800 (13 200-97 200) overall influenza-virus-associated ALRI deaths. Influenza virus accounted for 7% of ALRI cases, 5% of ALRI hospital admissions, and 4% of ALRI deaths in children under 5 years. About 23% of the hospital admissions and 36% of the in-hospital deaths were in infants under 6 months. About 82% of the in-hospital deaths occurred in low-income and lower-middle-income countries.
[h=4]INTERPRETATION:[/h] A large proportion of the influenza-associated burden occurs among young infants and in low-income and lower middle-income countries. Our findings provide new and important evidence for maternal and paediatric influenza immunisation, and should inform future immunisation policy particularly in low-income and middle-income countries.
[h=4]FUNDING:[/h] WHO; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Copyright ? 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
PMID: 32087815 DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30545-5
Free full text