Endocrine Research:
Nour Ba?z,
Patricia Dargent-Molina,
John D. Wark,
Jean-Claude Souberbielle,
R?my Slama,
Isabella Annesi-Maesano,
and the EDEN Mother-Child Cohort Study Group
Gestational Exposure to Urban Air Pollution Related to a Decrease in Cord Blood Vitamin D Levels JCEM 2012 97: 4087-4095; doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1943
Abstract
Context: Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in the increased risk of several diseases. Exposure to air pollution has been suggested as a contributor to vitamin D deficiency. However, studies that have examined the effects of air pollution on vitamin D status are few and have never focused on prenatal life as an exposure window.
Objective: Our aim was to investigate the associations between gestational exposure to urban air pollutants and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] cord blood serum level in 375 mother-child pairs of the EDEN birth cohort.
Design: The Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System (ADMS-Urban) pollution model, a validated dispersion model combining data on traffic conditions, topography, meteorology, and background pollution, was used to assess the concentrations of two major urban pollutants, particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), at the mother's home address during pregnancy. Cord blood samples were collected at birth and were analyzed for levels of 25(OH)D.
Results: Maternal exposure to ambient urban levels of NO2 and PM10 during the whole pregnancy was a strong predictor of low vitamin D status in newborns. After adjustment, log-transformed 25(OH)D decreased by 0.15 U (P = 0.05) and 0.41 U (P = 0.04) for a 10-μg/m3 increase in NO2 and PM10 pregnancy levels, respectively. The association was strongest for third-trimester exposures (P = 0.0003 and P = 0.004 for NO2 and PM10, respectively).
Conclusion: Gestational exposure to ambient urban air pollution, especially during late pregnancy, may contribute to lower vitamin D levels in offspring. This could affect the child's risk of developing diseases later in life.
Footnotes
Abbreviations:
ADMS-Urban
Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System
BMI
body mass index
DBP
vitamin D-binding protein
IQR
interquartile range
25(OH)D
25-hydroxyvitamin D
PM10
particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter
Tregs
regulatory T-cell populations.
Received April 11, 2012.
Accepted July 31, 2012.
Copyright ? 2012 by The Endocrine Society
