tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Genet Mol Biol
. 2022 Apr 8;44(1 Suppl 1):e20200452.
doi: 10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2020-0452. eCollection 2021.
COVID-19: The question of genetic diversity and therapeutic intervention approaches
David Livingstone Alves Figueiredo[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez[SUP] 4 3 [/SUP], Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva[SUP] 5 3 [/SUP], Carolina Panis[SUP] 6 3 [/SUP], Rafael Dos Santos Bezerra[SUP] 7 3 [/SUP], Adriano Ferrasa[SUP] 8 3 [/SUP], Alessandra Lourenço Cecchini[SUP] 9 3 [/SUP], Alexandra Ivo de Medeiros[SUP] 10 3 [/SUP], Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida[SUP] 10 3 [/SUP], Anelisa Ramão[SUP] 3 11 [/SUP], Angelica Beate Winter Boldt[SUP] 10 3 [/SUP], Carla Fredrichsen Moya[SUP] 12 3 [/SUP], Chung Man Chin[SUP] 13 14 3 [/SUP], Daniel de Paula[SUP] 15 3 [/SUP], Daniel Rech[SUP] 16 3 [/SUP], Daniela Fiori Gradia[SUP] 10 3 [/SUP], Danielle Malheiros[SUP] 10 3 [/SUP], Danielle Venturini[SUP] 17 3 [/SUP], Eliandro Reis Tavares[SUP] 18 3 [/SUP], Emerson Carraro[SUP] 19 3 [/SUP], Enilze Maria de Souza Fonseca Ribeiro[SUP] 10 3 [/SUP], Evani Marques Pereira[SUP] 20 3 [/SUP], Felipe Francisco Tuon[SUP] 21 3 [/SUP], Franciele Aní Caovilla Follador[SUP] 22 3 [/SUP], Glaura Scantamburlo Alves Fernandes[SUP] 23 3 [/SUP], Hélito Volpato[SUP] 24 3 [/SUP], Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus[SUP] 23 3 [/SUP], Jaqueline Carvalho de Oliveira[SUP] 10 3 [/SUP], Jean Henrique da Silva Rodrigues[SUP] 25 3 [/SUP], Jean Leandro Dos Santos[SUP] 13 3 [/SUP], Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer[SUP] 26 3 [/SUP], Juliana Cristina Brandi[SUP] 27 3 [/SUP], Juliana Mara Serpeloni[SUP] 23 3 [/SUP], Juliana Sartori Bonini[SUP] 28 3 [/SUP], Karen Brajão de Oliveira[SUP] 29 3 [/SUP], Karine Fiorentin[SUP] 30 3 [/SUP], Léia Carolina Lucio[SUP] 31 3 [/SUP], Ligia Carla Faccin-Galhardi[SUP] 18 3 [/SUP], Lirane Elize Defante Ferreto[SUP] 31 3 [/SUP], Lucy Megumi Yamauchi Lioni[SUP] 18 5 [/SUP], Marcia Edilaine Lopes Consolaro[SUP] 32 3 [/SUP], Marcelo Ricardo Vicari[SUP] 33 3 [/SUP], Marcos Abdo Arbex[SUP] 34 3 [/SUP], Marcos Pileggi[SUP] 33 3 [/SUP], Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe[SUP] 35 3 [/SUP], Maria Antônia Ramos Costa[SUP] 36 3 [/SUP], Maria José S Mendes Giannini[SUP] 27 3 [/SUP], Marla Karine Amarante[SUP] 35 3 [/SUP], Najeh Maissar Khalil[SUP] 15 3 [/SUP], Quirino Alves de Lima Neto[SUP] 26 3 [/SUP], Roberto H Herai[SUP] 37 38 3 [/SUP], Roberta Losi Guembarovski[SUP] 23 3 [/SUP], Rogério N Shinsato[SUP] 37 38 3 [/SUP], Rubiana Mara Mainardes[SUP] 15 3 [/SUP], Silvana Giuliatti[SUP] 7 3 [/SUP], Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta[SUP] 18 3 [/SUP], Viviane Knuppel de Quadros Gerber[SUP] 20 3 [/SUP], Wander Rogério Pavanelli[SUP] 39 3 [/SUP], Weber Claudio da Silva[SUP] 15 28 3 [/SUP], Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler[SUP] 10 3 [/SUP], Valeria Valente[SUP] 27 40 3 [/SUP], Christiane Pienna Soares[SUP] 27 3 [/SUP], Luciane Regina Cavalli[SUP] 30 3 [/SUP], Wilson Araujo Silva Jr[SUP] 2 40 41 42 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the largest pandemic in modern history with very high infection rates and considerable mortality. The disease, which emerged in China's Wuhan province, had its first reported case on December 29, 2019, and spread rapidly worldwide. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic and global health emergency. Since the outbreak, efforts to develop COVID-19 vaccines, engineer new drugs, and evaluate existing ones for drug repurposing have been intensively undertaken to find ways to control this pandemic. COVID-19 therapeutic strategies aim to impair molecular pathways involved in the virus entrance and replication or interfere in the patients' overreaction and immunopathology. Moreover, nanotechnology could be an approach to boost the activity of new drugs. Several COVID-19 vaccine candidates have received emergency-use or full authorization in one or more countries, and others are being developed and tested. This review assesses the different strategies currently proposed to control COVID-19 and the issues or limitations imposed on some approaches by the human and viral genetic variability.
. 2022 Apr 8;44(1 Suppl 1):e20200452.
doi: 10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2020-0452. eCollection 2021.
COVID-19: The question of genetic diversity and therapeutic intervention approaches
David Livingstone Alves Figueiredo[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez[SUP] 4 3 [/SUP], Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva[SUP] 5 3 [/SUP], Carolina Panis[SUP] 6 3 [/SUP], Rafael Dos Santos Bezerra[SUP] 7 3 [/SUP], Adriano Ferrasa[SUP] 8 3 [/SUP], Alessandra Lourenço Cecchini[SUP] 9 3 [/SUP], Alexandra Ivo de Medeiros[SUP] 10 3 [/SUP], Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida[SUP] 10 3 [/SUP], Anelisa Ramão[SUP] 3 11 [/SUP], Angelica Beate Winter Boldt[SUP] 10 3 [/SUP], Carla Fredrichsen Moya[SUP] 12 3 [/SUP], Chung Man Chin[SUP] 13 14 3 [/SUP], Daniel de Paula[SUP] 15 3 [/SUP], Daniel Rech[SUP] 16 3 [/SUP], Daniela Fiori Gradia[SUP] 10 3 [/SUP], Danielle Malheiros[SUP] 10 3 [/SUP], Danielle Venturini[SUP] 17 3 [/SUP], Eliandro Reis Tavares[SUP] 18 3 [/SUP], Emerson Carraro[SUP] 19 3 [/SUP], Enilze Maria de Souza Fonseca Ribeiro[SUP] 10 3 [/SUP], Evani Marques Pereira[SUP] 20 3 [/SUP], Felipe Francisco Tuon[SUP] 21 3 [/SUP], Franciele Aní Caovilla Follador[SUP] 22 3 [/SUP], Glaura Scantamburlo Alves Fernandes[SUP] 23 3 [/SUP], Hélito Volpato[SUP] 24 3 [/SUP], Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus[SUP] 23 3 [/SUP], Jaqueline Carvalho de Oliveira[SUP] 10 3 [/SUP], Jean Henrique da Silva Rodrigues[SUP] 25 3 [/SUP], Jean Leandro Dos Santos[SUP] 13 3 [/SUP], Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer[SUP] 26 3 [/SUP], Juliana Cristina Brandi[SUP] 27 3 [/SUP], Juliana Mara Serpeloni[SUP] 23 3 [/SUP], Juliana Sartori Bonini[SUP] 28 3 [/SUP], Karen Brajão de Oliveira[SUP] 29 3 [/SUP], Karine Fiorentin[SUP] 30 3 [/SUP], Léia Carolina Lucio[SUP] 31 3 [/SUP], Ligia Carla Faccin-Galhardi[SUP] 18 3 [/SUP], Lirane Elize Defante Ferreto[SUP] 31 3 [/SUP], Lucy Megumi Yamauchi Lioni[SUP] 18 5 [/SUP], Marcia Edilaine Lopes Consolaro[SUP] 32 3 [/SUP], Marcelo Ricardo Vicari[SUP] 33 3 [/SUP], Marcos Abdo Arbex[SUP] 34 3 [/SUP], Marcos Pileggi[SUP] 33 3 [/SUP], Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe[SUP] 35 3 [/SUP], Maria Antônia Ramos Costa[SUP] 36 3 [/SUP], Maria José S Mendes Giannini[SUP] 27 3 [/SUP], Marla Karine Amarante[SUP] 35 3 [/SUP], Najeh Maissar Khalil[SUP] 15 3 [/SUP], Quirino Alves de Lima Neto[SUP] 26 3 [/SUP], Roberto H Herai[SUP] 37 38 3 [/SUP], Roberta Losi Guembarovski[SUP] 23 3 [/SUP], Rogério N Shinsato[SUP] 37 38 3 [/SUP], Rubiana Mara Mainardes[SUP] 15 3 [/SUP], Silvana Giuliatti[SUP] 7 3 [/SUP], Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta[SUP] 18 3 [/SUP], Viviane Knuppel de Quadros Gerber[SUP] 20 3 [/SUP], Wander Rogério Pavanelli[SUP] 39 3 [/SUP], Weber Claudio da Silva[SUP] 15 28 3 [/SUP], Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler[SUP] 10 3 [/SUP], Valeria Valente[SUP] 27 40 3 [/SUP], Christiane Pienna Soares[SUP] 27 3 [/SUP], Luciane Regina Cavalli[SUP] 30 3 [/SUP], Wilson Araujo Silva Jr[SUP] 2 40 41 42 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35421211
- DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2020-0452
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the largest pandemic in modern history with very high infection rates and considerable mortality. The disease, which emerged in China's Wuhan province, had its first reported case on December 29, 2019, and spread rapidly worldwide. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic and global health emergency. Since the outbreak, efforts to develop COVID-19 vaccines, engineer new drugs, and evaluate existing ones for drug repurposing have been intensively undertaken to find ways to control this pandemic. COVID-19 therapeutic strategies aim to impair molecular pathways involved in the virus entrance and replication or interfere in the patients' overreaction and immunopathology. Moreover, nanotechnology could be an approach to boost the activity of new drugs. Several COVID-19 vaccine candidates have received emergency-use or full authorization in one or more countries, and others are being developed and tested. This review assesses the different strategies currently proposed to control COVID-19 and the issues or limitations imposed on some approaches by the human and viral genetic variability.