tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Virol. 2017 Jun 21. pii: JVI.00721-17. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00721-17. [Epub ahead of print]
[h=1]Functional evolution of influenza NS1 protein in currently circulating human 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses.[/h] Clark AM[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]1[/SUP], Nogales A[SUP]1[/SUP], Martinez-Sobrido L[SUP]1[/SUP], Topham DJ[SUP]2,[/SUP][SUP]1[/SUP], DeDiego ML[SUP]2,[/SUP][SUP]1[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] In 2009, a novel H1N1 influenza virus emerged in humans, causing a global pandemic. It was previously shown that the NS1 protein from this human 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus was an effective interferon (IFN) antagonist, but could not inhibit general host gene expression, unlike other NS1 proteins from seasonal human H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. Here, we show that the NS1 protein from currently circulating pH1N1 viruses has evolved to encode 6 amino acid changes (E55K, L90I, I123V, E125D, K131E, and N205S) with respect to the original protein. Notably, these 6 residue changes restore the ability of pH1N1 NS1 to inhibit general host gene expression, mainly by their ability to restore binding to the cellular factor CPSF30. This is the first report describing the ability of pH1N1 NS1 protein to naturally acquire mutations restoring this function. Importantly, a recombinant pH1N1 virus containing these 6 amino acid changes in the NS1 protein (pH1N1/NSs-6mut) inhibited host IFN and pro-inflammatory responses to a greater extent than the parental virus (pH1N1/NS1-wt), yet virus titers were not significantly increased in cell cultures or in mouse lungs, and the disease was partially attenuated. pH1N1/NSs-6mut virus grew similarly in mouse lungs to pH1N1/NSs-wt but infection with pH1N1/NSs-6mut induced lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, likely due to a general inhibition of gene expression mediated by the mutated NS1 protein. This lower inflammation induced by pH1N1/NSs-6mut virus likely accounts for the attenuated disease phenotype and may represent a host-virus adaptation affecting influenza virus pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Seasonal influenza A viruses (IAV) are one of the most common causes of respiratory infections in humans. In addition, occasional pandemics are caused when (IAV) circulating in other species emerge in the human population. In 2009, a swine-origin H1N1 IAV (pH1N1) was transmitted to humans, infecting people until the present. It was previously shown that the NS1 protein from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus is not able to inhibit general gene expression. However, currently circulating pH1N1 viruses have evolved to encode 6 amino acid changes (E55K, L90I, I123V, E125D, K131E, and N205S) allowing the NS1 protein of contemporary pH1N1 strains to inhibit host gene expression, which correlates with its ability to interact with CPSF30. Infection with a recombinant pH1N1 virus encoding these 6 amino acid changes (pH1N1/NSs-6mut) induced lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in viral attenuation in vivo This might represent an adaptation of pH1N1 virus to humans.
Copyright ? 2017 American Society for Microbiology.
PMID: 28637754 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00721-17
[h=1]Functional evolution of influenza NS1 protein in currently circulating human 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses.[/h] Clark AM[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]1[/SUP], Nogales A[SUP]1[/SUP], Martinez-Sobrido L[SUP]1[/SUP], Topham DJ[SUP]2,[/SUP][SUP]1[/SUP], DeDiego ML[SUP]2,[/SUP][SUP]1[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] In 2009, a novel H1N1 influenza virus emerged in humans, causing a global pandemic. It was previously shown that the NS1 protein from this human 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus was an effective interferon (IFN) antagonist, but could not inhibit general host gene expression, unlike other NS1 proteins from seasonal human H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. Here, we show that the NS1 protein from currently circulating pH1N1 viruses has evolved to encode 6 amino acid changes (E55K, L90I, I123V, E125D, K131E, and N205S) with respect to the original protein. Notably, these 6 residue changes restore the ability of pH1N1 NS1 to inhibit general host gene expression, mainly by their ability to restore binding to the cellular factor CPSF30. This is the first report describing the ability of pH1N1 NS1 protein to naturally acquire mutations restoring this function. Importantly, a recombinant pH1N1 virus containing these 6 amino acid changes in the NS1 protein (pH1N1/NSs-6mut) inhibited host IFN and pro-inflammatory responses to a greater extent than the parental virus (pH1N1/NS1-wt), yet virus titers were not significantly increased in cell cultures or in mouse lungs, and the disease was partially attenuated. pH1N1/NSs-6mut virus grew similarly in mouse lungs to pH1N1/NSs-wt but infection with pH1N1/NSs-6mut induced lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, likely due to a general inhibition of gene expression mediated by the mutated NS1 protein. This lower inflammation induced by pH1N1/NSs-6mut virus likely accounts for the attenuated disease phenotype and may represent a host-virus adaptation affecting influenza virus pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Seasonal influenza A viruses (IAV) are one of the most common causes of respiratory infections in humans. In addition, occasional pandemics are caused when (IAV) circulating in other species emerge in the human population. In 2009, a swine-origin H1N1 IAV (pH1N1) was transmitted to humans, infecting people until the present. It was previously shown that the NS1 protein from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus is not able to inhibit general gene expression. However, currently circulating pH1N1 viruses have evolved to encode 6 amino acid changes (E55K, L90I, I123V, E125D, K131E, and N205S) allowing the NS1 protein of contemporary pH1N1 strains to inhibit host gene expression, which correlates with its ability to interact with CPSF30. Infection with a recombinant pH1N1 virus encoding these 6 amino acid changes (pH1N1/NSs-6mut) induced lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in viral attenuation in vivo This might represent an adaptation of pH1N1 virus to humans.
Copyright ? 2017 American Society for Microbiology.
PMID: 28637754 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00721-17