tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Microbiol
. 2020 Nov 30;11:608274.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.608274. eCollection 2020.
A Comparative Study of the Innate Humoral Immune Response to Avian Influenza Virus in Wild and Domestic Mallards
Jacintha G B van Dijk[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Josanne H Verhagen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Arne Hegemann[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Conny Tolf[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jenny Olofsson[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Josef D J?rhult[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jonas Waldenstr?m[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Domestic mallards (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) are traditionally used as a model to investigate infection dynamics and immune responses to low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) in free-living mallards. However, it is unclear whether the immune response of domestic birds reflects the response of their free-living counterparts naturally exposed to these viruses. We investigated the extent to which the innate humoral immune response was similar among (i) wild-type domestic mallards in primary and secondary infection with LPAIV H4N6 in a laboratory setting (laboratory mallards), (ii) wild-type domestic mallards naturally exposed to LPAIVs in a semi-natural setting (sentinel mallards), and (iii) free-living mallards naturally exposed to LPAIVs. We quantified innate humoral immune function by measuring non-specific natural antibodies (agglutination), complement activity (lysis), and the acute phase protein haptoglobin. We demonstrate that complement activity in the first 3 days after LPAIV exposure was higher in primary-exposed laboratory mallards than in sentinel and free-living mallards. LPAIV H4N6 likely activated the complement system and the acute phase response in primary-exposed laboratory mallards, as lysis was higher and haptoglobin lower at day 3 and 7 post-exposure compared to baseline immune function measured prior to exposure. There were no differences observed in natural antibody and haptoglobin concentrations among laboratory, sentinel, and free-living mallards in the first 3 days after LPAIV exposure. Our study demonstrates that, based on the three innate humoral immune parameters measured, domestic mallards seem an appropriate model to investigate innate immunology of their free-living counterparts, albeit the innate immune response of secondary-LPAIV exposed mallards is a better proxy for the innate immune response in pre-exposed free-living mallards than that of immunologically na?ve mallards.
Keywords: Anas platyrhynchos; baseline immune function; complement; haptoglobin; infectious disease; innate humoral immunity; natural antibody; sentinel.
. 2020 Nov 30;11:608274.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.608274. eCollection 2020.
A Comparative Study of the Innate Humoral Immune Response to Avian Influenza Virus in Wild and Domestic Mallards
Jacintha G B van Dijk[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Josanne H Verhagen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Arne Hegemann[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Conny Tolf[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jenny Olofsson[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Josef D J?rhult[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jonas Waldenstr?m[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33329501
- PMCID: PMC7733965
- DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.608274
Abstract
Domestic mallards (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) are traditionally used as a model to investigate infection dynamics and immune responses to low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) in free-living mallards. However, it is unclear whether the immune response of domestic birds reflects the response of their free-living counterparts naturally exposed to these viruses. We investigated the extent to which the innate humoral immune response was similar among (i) wild-type domestic mallards in primary and secondary infection with LPAIV H4N6 in a laboratory setting (laboratory mallards), (ii) wild-type domestic mallards naturally exposed to LPAIVs in a semi-natural setting (sentinel mallards), and (iii) free-living mallards naturally exposed to LPAIVs. We quantified innate humoral immune function by measuring non-specific natural antibodies (agglutination), complement activity (lysis), and the acute phase protein haptoglobin. We demonstrate that complement activity in the first 3 days after LPAIV exposure was higher in primary-exposed laboratory mallards than in sentinel and free-living mallards. LPAIV H4N6 likely activated the complement system and the acute phase response in primary-exposed laboratory mallards, as lysis was higher and haptoglobin lower at day 3 and 7 post-exposure compared to baseline immune function measured prior to exposure. There were no differences observed in natural antibody and haptoglobin concentrations among laboratory, sentinel, and free-living mallards in the first 3 days after LPAIV exposure. Our study demonstrates that, based on the three innate humoral immune parameters measured, domestic mallards seem an appropriate model to investigate innate immunology of their free-living counterparts, albeit the innate immune response of secondary-LPAIV exposed mallards is a better proxy for the innate immune response in pre-exposed free-living mallards than that of immunologically na?ve mallards.
Keywords: Anas platyrhynchos; baseline immune function; complement; haptoglobin; infectious disease; innate humoral immunity; natural antibody; sentinel.