tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2023 Oct 13:14:1212203.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212203. eCollection 2023. The prospect of universal coronavirus immunity: characterization of reciprocal and non-reciprocal T cell responses against SARS-CoV2 and common human coronaviruses
Mithil K Soni[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Edoardo Migliori[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jianing Fu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amer Assal[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Hei Ton Chan[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jian Pan[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Prabesh Khatiwada[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rodica Ciubotariu[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Michael S May[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Marcus R Pereira[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Valeria De Giorgi[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Megan Sykes[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Markus Y Mapara[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pawel J Muranski[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
T cell immunity plays a central role in clinical outcomes of Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and T cell-focused vaccination or cellular immunotherapy might provide enhanced protection for some immunocompromised patients. Pre-existing T cell memory recognizing SARS-CoV-2 antigens antedating COVID-19 infection or vaccination, may have developed as an imprint of prior infections with endemic non-SARS human coronaviruses (hCoVs) OC43, HKU1, 229E, NL63, pathogens of "common cold". In turn, SARS-CoV-2-primed T cells may recognize emerging variants or other hCoV viruses and modulate the course of subsequent hCoV infections. Cross-immunity between hCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 has not been well characterized. Here, we systematically investigated T cell responses against the immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 spike, nucleocapsid and membrane proteins and corresponding antigens from α- and β-hCoVs among vaccinated, convalescent, and unexposed subjects. Broad T cell immunity against all tested SARS-CoV-2 antigens emerged in COVID-19 survivors. In convalescent and in vaccinated individuals, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T cells reliably recognized most SARS-CoV-2 variants, however cross-reactivity against the omicron variant was reduced by approximately 47%. Responses against spike, nucleocapsid and membrane antigens from endemic hCoVs were significantly more extensive in COVID-19 survivors than in unexposed subjects and displayed cross-reactivity between α- and β-hCoVs. In some, non-SARS hCoV-specific T cells demonstrated a prominent non-reciprocal cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 antigens, whereas a distinct anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunological repertoire emerged post-COVID-19, with relatively limited cross-recognition of non-SARS hCoVs. Based on this cross-reactivity pattern, we established a strategy for in-vitro expansion of universal anti-hCoV T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Overall, these results have implications for the future design of universal vaccines and cell-based immune therapies against SARS- and non-SARS-CoVs.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV-2 variants; cross-reactive T cells; human coronavirus; multicoronavirus-specific T cells; omicron.
. 2023 Oct 13:14:1212203.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212203. eCollection 2023. The prospect of universal coronavirus immunity: characterization of reciprocal and non-reciprocal T cell responses against SARS-CoV2 and common human coronaviruses
Mithil K Soni[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Edoardo Migliori[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jianing Fu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amer Assal[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Hei Ton Chan[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jian Pan[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Prabesh Khatiwada[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rodica Ciubotariu[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Michael S May[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Marcus R Pereira[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Valeria De Giorgi[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Megan Sykes[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Markus Y Mapara[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pawel J Muranski[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 37901229
- PMCID: PMC10612330
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212203
T cell immunity plays a central role in clinical outcomes of Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and T cell-focused vaccination or cellular immunotherapy might provide enhanced protection for some immunocompromised patients. Pre-existing T cell memory recognizing SARS-CoV-2 antigens antedating COVID-19 infection or vaccination, may have developed as an imprint of prior infections with endemic non-SARS human coronaviruses (hCoVs) OC43, HKU1, 229E, NL63, pathogens of "common cold". In turn, SARS-CoV-2-primed T cells may recognize emerging variants or other hCoV viruses and modulate the course of subsequent hCoV infections. Cross-immunity between hCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 has not been well characterized. Here, we systematically investigated T cell responses against the immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 spike, nucleocapsid and membrane proteins and corresponding antigens from α- and β-hCoVs among vaccinated, convalescent, and unexposed subjects. Broad T cell immunity against all tested SARS-CoV-2 antigens emerged in COVID-19 survivors. In convalescent and in vaccinated individuals, SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T cells reliably recognized most SARS-CoV-2 variants, however cross-reactivity against the omicron variant was reduced by approximately 47%. Responses against spike, nucleocapsid and membrane antigens from endemic hCoVs were significantly more extensive in COVID-19 survivors than in unexposed subjects and displayed cross-reactivity between α- and β-hCoVs. In some, non-SARS hCoV-specific T cells demonstrated a prominent non-reciprocal cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 antigens, whereas a distinct anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunological repertoire emerged post-COVID-19, with relatively limited cross-recognition of non-SARS hCoVs. Based on this cross-reactivity pattern, we established a strategy for in-vitro expansion of universal anti-hCoV T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Overall, these results have implications for the future design of universal vaccines and cell-based immune therapies against SARS- and non-SARS-CoVs.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV-2 variants; cross-reactive T cells; human coronavirus; multicoronavirus-specific T cells; omicron.