tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2024 May 2:15:1385135.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385135. eCollection 2024. Long-term humoral and cellular immunity against vaccine strains and Omicron subvariants (BQ.1.1, BN.1, XBB.1, and EG.5) after bivalent COVID-19 vaccination
Hakjun Hyun[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Eliel Nham[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Hye Seong[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Jin Gu Yoon[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Ji Yun Noh[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Hee Jin Cheong[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Woo Joo Kim[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Sun Kyung Yoon[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Se-Jin Park[SUP] 5 [/SUP], WonSeok Gwak[SUP] 5 [/SUP], June-Woo Lee[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Byoungguk Kim[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Joon Young Song[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: The assessment of long-term humoral and cellular immunity post-vaccination is crucial for establishing an optimal vaccination strategy.
Methods: This prospective cohort study evaluated adults (≥18 years) who received a BA.4/5 bivalent vaccine. We measured the anti-receptor binding domain immunoglobulin G antibody and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against wild-type and Omicron subvariants (BA.5, BQ.1.1, BN.1, XBB.1 and EG.5) up to 9 months post-vaccination. T-cell immune responses were measured before and 4 weeks after vaccination.
Results: A total of 108 (28 SARS-CoV-2-naïve and 80 previously infected) participants were enrolled. Anti-receptor binding domain immunoglobulin G (U/mL) levels were higher at 9 months post-vaccination than baseline in SAR-CoV-2-naïve individuals (8,339 vs. 1,834, p<0.001). NAb titers against BQ.1.1, BN.1, and XBB.1 were significantly higher at 9 months post-vaccination than baseline in both groups, whereas NAb against EG.5 was negligible at all time points. The T-cell immune response (median spot forming unit/10[SUP]6[/SUP] cells) was highly cross-reactive at both baseline (wild-type/BA.5/XBB.1.5, 38.3/52.5/45.0 in SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals; 51.6/54.9/54.9 in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals) and 4 weeks post-vaccination, with insignificant boosting post-vaccination.
Conclusion: Remarkable cross-reactive neutralization was observed against BQ.1.1, BN.1, and XBB.1 up to 9 months after BA.4/5 bivalent vaccination, but not against EG.5. The T-cell immune response was highly cross-reactive.
Keywords: EG.5; SARS-CoV-2; cellular immunity; cross-reactivity; durability; humoral immunity; vaccines.
. 2024 May 2:15:1385135.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385135. eCollection 2024. Long-term humoral and cellular immunity against vaccine strains and Omicron subvariants (BQ.1.1, BN.1, XBB.1, and EG.5) after bivalent COVID-19 vaccination
Hakjun Hyun[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Eliel Nham[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Hye Seong[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Jin Gu Yoon[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Ji Yun Noh[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Hee Jin Cheong[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Woo Joo Kim[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Sun Kyung Yoon[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Se-Jin Park[SUP] 5 [/SUP], WonSeok Gwak[SUP] 5 [/SUP], June-Woo Lee[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Byoungguk Kim[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Joon Young Song[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 38756783
- PMCID: PMC11096540
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385135
Background: The assessment of long-term humoral and cellular immunity post-vaccination is crucial for establishing an optimal vaccination strategy.
Methods: This prospective cohort study evaluated adults (≥18 years) who received a BA.4/5 bivalent vaccine. We measured the anti-receptor binding domain immunoglobulin G antibody and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against wild-type and Omicron subvariants (BA.5, BQ.1.1, BN.1, XBB.1 and EG.5) up to 9 months post-vaccination. T-cell immune responses were measured before and 4 weeks after vaccination.
Results: A total of 108 (28 SARS-CoV-2-naïve and 80 previously infected) participants were enrolled. Anti-receptor binding domain immunoglobulin G (U/mL) levels were higher at 9 months post-vaccination than baseline in SAR-CoV-2-naïve individuals (8,339 vs. 1,834, p<0.001). NAb titers against BQ.1.1, BN.1, and XBB.1 were significantly higher at 9 months post-vaccination than baseline in both groups, whereas NAb against EG.5 was negligible at all time points. The T-cell immune response (median spot forming unit/10[SUP]6[/SUP] cells) was highly cross-reactive at both baseline (wild-type/BA.5/XBB.1.5, 38.3/52.5/45.0 in SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals; 51.6/54.9/54.9 in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals) and 4 weeks post-vaccination, with insignificant boosting post-vaccination.
Conclusion: Remarkable cross-reactive neutralization was observed against BQ.1.1, BN.1, and XBB.1 up to 9 months after BA.4/5 bivalent vaccination, but not against EG.5. The T-cell immune response was highly cross-reactive.
Keywords: EG.5; SARS-CoV-2; cellular immunity; cross-reactivity; durability; humoral immunity; vaccines.