tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2023 Jul 25;14:1152899.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152899. eCollection 2023. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in healthy adults
Yufei Wu[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Ping Huang[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mingjie Xu[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Qianqian Zhao[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yihui Xu[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Shuyi Han[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Huanjie Li[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Yunshan Wang[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly pathogenic to humans and has caused the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Vaccines are one of the efficient ways to prevent the viral infection. After COVID-19 vaccination, the monitoring of the dynamic change in neutralizing antibodies is necessary to determine booster requirements.
Methods: We estimated the effectiveness of the inactivated vaccines by monitoring dynamic SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies for over 2 years. Additionally, we also investigated the activation of T lymphocytes (CD3+ T cells) after three doses of the inactivated vaccine.
Result: The results showed that the rate of reduction of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels gradually showed after each booster dose. The IgG/IgM level at 9 months after the third vaccination were significantly higher than those at 6 months after the second dose (p<0.0001). The expression of CD25+T cell in 18-35 age group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. Nine months after the third dose (the time of last blood sample collection), the expression of CD25+T cell in the 18-35 age group was significantly higher than that at 6 months after the second dose. CD25+T cell in the 18-35 years old group was significantly higher than 6 months after the second vaccination.
Conclusion: CD25, a late activation marker of lymphocytes and high-activity memory T cell subgroup, exhibited higher levels at the later stages after vaccination. COVID-19 booster vaccination in older adults and regular testing of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies are recommended. Booster doses should be administered if the antibody level falls below the 30% inhibition rate.
Keywords: CD25+; CD4+; CD69+; CD8+; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; booster vaccine; neutralizing antibody.
. 2023 Jul 25;14:1152899.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152899. eCollection 2023. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in healthy adults
Yufei Wu[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Ping Huang[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mingjie Xu[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Qianqian Zhao[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yihui Xu[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Shuyi Han[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Huanjie Li[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Yunshan Wang[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 37559719
- PMCID: PMC10407550
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152899
Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly pathogenic to humans and has caused the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Vaccines are one of the efficient ways to prevent the viral infection. After COVID-19 vaccination, the monitoring of the dynamic change in neutralizing antibodies is necessary to determine booster requirements.
Methods: We estimated the effectiveness of the inactivated vaccines by monitoring dynamic SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies for over 2 years. Additionally, we also investigated the activation of T lymphocytes (CD3+ T cells) after three doses of the inactivated vaccine.
Result: The results showed that the rate of reduction of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels gradually showed after each booster dose. The IgG/IgM level at 9 months after the third vaccination were significantly higher than those at 6 months after the second dose (p<0.0001). The expression of CD25+T cell in 18-35 age group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. Nine months after the third dose (the time of last blood sample collection), the expression of CD25+T cell in the 18-35 age group was significantly higher than that at 6 months after the second dose. CD25+T cell in the 18-35 years old group was significantly higher than 6 months after the second vaccination.
Conclusion: CD25, a late activation marker of lymphocytes and high-activity memory T cell subgroup, exhibited higher levels at the later stages after vaccination. COVID-19 booster vaccination in older adults and regular testing of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies are recommended. Booster doses should be administered if the antibody level falls below the 30% inhibition rate.
Keywords: CD25+; CD4+; CD69+; CD8+; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; booster vaccine; neutralizing antibody.