tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2025 Mar 13:16:1538301.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1538301. eCollection 2025. Harnessing immunotherapeutic molecules and diagnostic biomarkers as human-derived adjuvants for MERS-CoV vaccine development
Abdullah R Alrasheed[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maaweya Awadalla[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hadeel Alnajran[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mohammed H Alammash[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Adil M Almaqati[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ishtiaq Qadri[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Bandar Alosaimi[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
The pandemic potential of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) highlights the critical need for effective vaccines due to its high fatality rate of around 36%. In this review, we identified a variety of immunotherapeutic molecules and diagnostic biomarkers that could be used in MERS vaccine development as human-derived adjuvants. We identified immune molecules that have been incorporated into standard clinical diagnostics such as CXCL10/IP10, CXCL8/IL-8, CCL5/RANTES, IL-6, and the complement proteins Ca3 and Ca5. Utilization of different human monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of MERS-CoV patients demonstrates promising outcomes in combatting MERS-CoV infections in vivo, such as hMS-1, 4C2H, 3B11-N, NBMS10-FC, HR2P-M2, SAB-301, M336, LCA60, REGN3051, REGN3048, MCA1, MERs-4, MERs-27, MERs-gd27, and MERs-gd33. Host-derived adjuvants such as CCL28, CCL27, RANTES, TCA3, and GM-CSF have shown significant improvements in immune responses, underscoring their potential to bolster both systemic and mucosal immunity. In conclusion, we believe that host-derived adjuvants like HBD-2, CD40L, and LL-37 offer significant advantages over synthetic options in vaccine development, underscoring the need for clinical trials to validate their efficacy.
Keywords: MERS-CoV; diagnostic biomarkers; human-derived adjuvants; immunotherapeutic molecules; vaccine development.
. 2025 Mar 13:16:1538301.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1538301. eCollection 2025. Harnessing immunotherapeutic molecules and diagnostic biomarkers as human-derived adjuvants for MERS-CoV vaccine development
Abdullah R Alrasheed[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maaweya Awadalla[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hadeel Alnajran[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mohammed H Alammash[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Adil M Almaqati[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ishtiaq Qadri[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Bandar Alosaimi[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 40181980
- PMCID: PMC11965926
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1538301
The pandemic potential of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) highlights the critical need for effective vaccines due to its high fatality rate of around 36%. In this review, we identified a variety of immunotherapeutic molecules and diagnostic biomarkers that could be used in MERS vaccine development as human-derived adjuvants. We identified immune molecules that have been incorporated into standard clinical diagnostics such as CXCL10/IP10, CXCL8/IL-8, CCL5/RANTES, IL-6, and the complement proteins Ca3 and Ca5. Utilization of different human monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of MERS-CoV patients demonstrates promising outcomes in combatting MERS-CoV infections in vivo, such as hMS-1, 4C2H, 3B11-N, NBMS10-FC, HR2P-M2, SAB-301, M336, LCA60, REGN3051, REGN3048, MCA1, MERs-4, MERs-27, MERs-gd27, and MERs-gd33. Host-derived adjuvants such as CCL28, CCL27, RANTES, TCA3, and GM-CSF have shown significant improvements in immune responses, underscoring their potential to bolster both systemic and mucosal immunity. In conclusion, we believe that host-derived adjuvants like HBD-2, CD40L, and LL-37 offer significant advantages over synthetic options in vaccine development, underscoring the need for clinical trials to validate their efficacy.
Keywords: MERS-CoV; diagnostic biomarkers; human-derived adjuvants; immunotherapeutic molecules; vaccine development.