tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2023 Mar 2;14:1152695.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152695. eCollection 2023.
Extending the dosing interval of COVID-19 vaccination leads to higher rates of seroconversion in people living with HIV
Yi Wang[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Jianhua Li[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Wenhui Zhang[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Shourong Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Liangbin Miao[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Zhaoyi Li[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ai Fu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jianfeng Bao[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Lili Huang[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Liping Zheng[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Er Li[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Yanjun Zhang[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jianhua Yu[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Introduction: Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is an effective way of protecting individuals from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, immune responses to vaccination vary considerably. This study dynamically assessed the neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses to the third dose of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine administered to people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) with different inoculation intervals.
Methods: A total of 171 participants were recruited: 63 PLWH were placed in cohort 1 (with 3-month interval between the second and third doses), while 95 PLWH were placed in cohort 2 (with 5-month interval between the second and third doses); 13 individuals were enrolled as healthy controls (HCs). And risk factors associated with seroconversion failure after vaccination were identified via Cox regression analysis.
Results: At 6 months after the third vaccination, PLWH in cohort 2 had higher NAb levels (GMC: 64.59 vs 21.99, P < 0.0001) and seroconversion rate (68.42% vs 19.05%, P < 0.0001). A weaker neutralizing activity against the SARSCoV-2 Delta variant was observed (GMT: 3.38 and 3.63, P < 0.01) relative to the wildtype strain (GMT: 13.68 and 14.83) in both cohorts. None of the participants (including HCs or PLWH) could mount a NAb response against Omicron BA.5.2. In the risk model, independent risk factors for NAb seroconversion failure were the vaccination interval (hazed ration
: 0.316, P < 0.001) and lymphocyte counts (HR: 0.409, P < 0.001). Additionally, PLWH who exhibited NAb seroconversion after vaccination had fewer initial COVID-19 symptoms when infected with Omicron.
Discussion: This study demonstrated that the third vaccination elicited better NAb responses in PLWH, when a longer interval was used between vaccinations. Since post-vaccination seroconversion reduced the number of symptoms induced by Omicron, efforts to protect PLWH with risk factors for NAb seroconversion failure may be needed during future Omicron surges.
Clinical trial registration: https://beta.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05075070, identifier NCT05075070.
Keywords: dosing interval; inactivated COVID-19 vaccination; neutralizing antibody; people living with HIV; seroconversion.
. 2023 Mar 2;14:1152695.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152695. eCollection 2023.
Extending the dosing interval of COVID-19 vaccination leads to higher rates of seroconversion in people living with HIV
Yi Wang[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Jianhua Li[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Wenhui Zhang[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Shourong Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Liangbin Miao[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Zhaoyi Li[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ai Fu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jianfeng Bao[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Lili Huang[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Liping Zheng[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Er Li[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Yanjun Zhang[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jianhua Yu[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36936952
- PMCID: PMC10017959
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152695
Abstract
Introduction: Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is an effective way of protecting individuals from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, immune responses to vaccination vary considerably. This study dynamically assessed the neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses to the third dose of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine administered to people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) with different inoculation intervals.
Methods: A total of 171 participants were recruited: 63 PLWH were placed in cohort 1 (with 3-month interval between the second and third doses), while 95 PLWH were placed in cohort 2 (with 5-month interval between the second and third doses); 13 individuals were enrolled as healthy controls (HCs). And risk factors associated with seroconversion failure after vaccination were identified via Cox regression analysis.
Results: At 6 months after the third vaccination, PLWH in cohort 2 had higher NAb levels (GMC: 64.59 vs 21.99, P < 0.0001) and seroconversion rate (68.42% vs 19.05%, P < 0.0001). A weaker neutralizing activity against the SARSCoV-2 Delta variant was observed (GMT: 3.38 and 3.63, P < 0.01) relative to the wildtype strain (GMT: 13.68 and 14.83) in both cohorts. None of the participants (including HCs or PLWH) could mount a NAb response against Omicron BA.5.2. In the risk model, independent risk factors for NAb seroconversion failure were the vaccination interval (hazed ration
: 0.316, P < 0.001) and lymphocyte counts (HR: 0.409, P < 0.001). Additionally, PLWH who exhibited NAb seroconversion after vaccination had fewer initial COVID-19 symptoms when infected with Omicron.
Discussion: This study demonstrated that the third vaccination elicited better NAb responses in PLWH, when a longer interval was used between vaccinations. Since post-vaccination seroconversion reduced the number of symptoms induced by Omicron, efforts to protect PLWH with risk factors for NAb seroconversion failure may be needed during future Omicron surges.
Clinical trial registration: https://beta.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05075070, identifier NCT05075070.
Keywords: dosing interval; inactivated COVID-19 vaccination; neutralizing antibody; people living with HIV; seroconversion.