tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2022 Jan 17;12:785941.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785941. eCollection 2021.
Exosomes Recovered From the Plasma of COVID-19 Patients Expose SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Derived Fragments and Contribute to the Adaptive Immune Response
Elisa Pesce[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nicola Manfrini[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Chiara Cordiglieri[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Spartaco Santi[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Alessandra Bandera[SUP] 5 6 7 [/SUP], Andrea Gobbini[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Paola Gruarin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Andrea Favalli[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mauro Bombaci[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alessandro Cuomo[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Federica Collino[SUP] 9 10 [/SUP], Giulia Cricrì[SUP] 9 10 [/SUP], Riccardo Ungaro[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Andrea Lombardi[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Davide Mangioni[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Antonio Muscatello[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Stefano Aliberti[SUP] 6 11 [/SUP], Francesco Blasi[SUP] 6 11 [/SUP], Andrea Gori[SUP] 5 6 7 [/SUP], Sergio Abrignani[SUP] 1 12 [/SUP], Raffaele De Francesco[SUP] 1 13 [/SUP], Stefano Biffo[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Renata Grifantini[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by beta-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has rapidly spread across the globe starting from February 2020. It is well established that during viral infection, extracellular vesicles become delivery/presenting vectors of viral material. However, studies regarding extracellular vesicle function in COVID-19 pathology are still scanty. Here, we performed a comparative study on exosomes recovered from the plasma of either MILD or SEVERE COVID-19 patients. We show that although both types of vesicles efficiently display SARS-CoV-2 spike-derived peptides and carry immunomodulatory molecules, only those of MILD patients are capable of efficiently regulating antigen-specific CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T-cell responses. Accordingly, by mass spectrometry, we show that the proteome of exosomes of MILD patients correlates with a proper functioning of the immune system, while that of SEVERE patients is associated with increased and chronic inflammation. Overall, we show that exosomes recovered from the plasma of COVID-19 patients possess SARS-CoV-2-derived protein material, have an active role in enhancing the immune response, and possess a cargo that reflects the pathological state of patients in the acute phase of the disease.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; antigen-presenting cells (APCs); exosomes; immune activation; soluble mediators in immunity.
. 2022 Jan 17;12:785941.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785941. eCollection 2021.
Exosomes Recovered From the Plasma of COVID-19 Patients Expose SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Derived Fragments and Contribute to the Adaptive Immune Response
Elisa Pesce[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nicola Manfrini[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Chiara Cordiglieri[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Spartaco Santi[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Alessandra Bandera[SUP] 5 6 7 [/SUP], Andrea Gobbini[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Paola Gruarin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Andrea Favalli[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mauro Bombaci[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alessandro Cuomo[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Federica Collino[SUP] 9 10 [/SUP], Giulia Cricrì[SUP] 9 10 [/SUP], Riccardo Ungaro[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Andrea Lombardi[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Davide Mangioni[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Antonio Muscatello[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Stefano Aliberti[SUP] 6 11 [/SUP], Francesco Blasi[SUP] 6 11 [/SUP], Andrea Gori[SUP] 5 6 7 [/SUP], Sergio Abrignani[SUP] 1 12 [/SUP], Raffaele De Francesco[SUP] 1 13 [/SUP], Stefano Biffo[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Renata Grifantini[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35111156
- PMCID: PMC8801440
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785941
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by beta-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has rapidly spread across the globe starting from February 2020. It is well established that during viral infection, extracellular vesicles become delivery/presenting vectors of viral material. However, studies regarding extracellular vesicle function in COVID-19 pathology are still scanty. Here, we performed a comparative study on exosomes recovered from the plasma of either MILD or SEVERE COVID-19 patients. We show that although both types of vesicles efficiently display SARS-CoV-2 spike-derived peptides and carry immunomodulatory molecules, only those of MILD patients are capable of efficiently regulating antigen-specific CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T-cell responses. Accordingly, by mass spectrometry, we show that the proteome of exosomes of MILD patients correlates with a proper functioning of the immune system, while that of SEVERE patients is associated with increased and chronic inflammation. Overall, we show that exosomes recovered from the plasma of COVID-19 patients possess SARS-CoV-2-derived protein material, have an active role in enhancing the immune response, and possess a cargo that reflects the pathological state of patients in the acute phase of the disease.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; antigen-presenting cells (APCs); exosomes; immune activation; soluble mediators in immunity.