tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2022 Dec 22;13:1006998.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006998. eCollection 2022.
Dendritic cell-natural killer cell cross-talk modulates T cell activation in response to influenza A viral infection
Abigail G Harvey[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Athens M Graves[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Chandana K Uppalapati[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Saoirse M Matthews[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Stephanie Rosenberg[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Emma G Parent[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Madison H Fagerlie[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jack Guinan[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Brina S Lopez[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Lisa M Kronstad[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Influenza viruses lead to substantial morbidity and mortality including ~3-5 million cases of severe illness and ~290,000-650,000 deaths annually. One of the major hurdles regarding influenza vaccine efficacy is generating a durable, robust cellular immune response. Appropriate stimulation of the innate immune system is key to generating cellular immunity. Cross-talk between innate dendritic cells (DC) and natural killer (NK) cells plays a key role in activating virus-specific T cells, yet the mechanisms used by influenza A viruses (IAV) to govern this process remain incompletely understood. Here, we used an ex vivo autologous human primary immune cell culture system to evaluate the impact of DC-NK cell cross-talk and subsequent naïve T cell activation at steady-state and after exposure to genetically distinct IAV strains-A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) and A/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2). Using flow cytometry, we found that exposure of DCs to IAV in co-culture with NK cells led to a decreased frequency of CD83[SUP]+[/SUP] and CD86[SUP]+[/SUP] cells on DCs and an increased frequency of HLA-DR[SUP]+[/SUP] on both DCs and NK cells. We then assessed the outcome of DC-NK cell cross-talk on T cell activation. At steady-state, DC-NK cell cross-talk increased pan T cell CD69 and CD25 expression while exposure to either IAV strain reduced pan T cell CD25 expression and suppressed CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] and CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell IFN-γ and TNF production, following chemical stimulation with PMA/Ionomycin. Moreover, exposure to A/Victoria/361/2011 elicited lower IFN-γ production by CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] and CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells compared with A/California/07/2009. Overall, our results indicate a role for DC-NK cell cross-talk in T cell priming in the context of influenza infection, informing the immunological mechanisms that could be manipulated for the next generation of influenza vaccines or immunotherapeutics.
Keywords: H1N1; H3N2; T cells; cross-talk; dendritic cells; influenza; natural killer cells; pandemic.
. 2022 Dec 22;13:1006998.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006998. eCollection 2022.
Dendritic cell-natural killer cell cross-talk modulates T cell activation in response to influenza A viral infection
Abigail G Harvey[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Athens M Graves[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Chandana K Uppalapati[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Saoirse M Matthews[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Stephanie Rosenberg[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Emma G Parent[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Madison H Fagerlie[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jack Guinan[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Brina S Lopez[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Lisa M Kronstad[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36618376
- PMCID: PMC9815106
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006998
Abstract
Influenza viruses lead to substantial morbidity and mortality including ~3-5 million cases of severe illness and ~290,000-650,000 deaths annually. One of the major hurdles regarding influenza vaccine efficacy is generating a durable, robust cellular immune response. Appropriate stimulation of the innate immune system is key to generating cellular immunity. Cross-talk between innate dendritic cells (DC) and natural killer (NK) cells plays a key role in activating virus-specific T cells, yet the mechanisms used by influenza A viruses (IAV) to govern this process remain incompletely understood. Here, we used an ex vivo autologous human primary immune cell culture system to evaluate the impact of DC-NK cell cross-talk and subsequent naïve T cell activation at steady-state and after exposure to genetically distinct IAV strains-A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) and A/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2). Using flow cytometry, we found that exposure of DCs to IAV in co-culture with NK cells led to a decreased frequency of CD83[SUP]+[/SUP] and CD86[SUP]+[/SUP] cells on DCs and an increased frequency of HLA-DR[SUP]+[/SUP] on both DCs and NK cells. We then assessed the outcome of DC-NK cell cross-talk on T cell activation. At steady-state, DC-NK cell cross-talk increased pan T cell CD69 and CD25 expression while exposure to either IAV strain reduced pan T cell CD25 expression and suppressed CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] and CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell IFN-γ and TNF production, following chemical stimulation with PMA/Ionomycin. Moreover, exposure to A/Victoria/361/2011 elicited lower IFN-γ production by CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] and CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells compared with A/California/07/2009. Overall, our results indicate a role for DC-NK cell cross-talk in T cell priming in the context of influenza infection, informing the immunological mechanisms that could be manipulated for the next generation of influenza vaccines or immunotherapeutics.
Keywords: H1N1; H3N2; T cells; cross-talk; dendritic cells; influenza; natural killer cells; pandemic.