tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2025 Jan 6:15:1509289.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1509289. eCollection 2024. Autoantibodies in COVID-19: implications for disease severity and clinical outcomes
Yannick Galipeau[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Curtis Cooper[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Marc-André Langlois[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Few pathogens have historically been subjected to as intense scientific and clinical scrutiny as SARS-CoV-2. The genetic, immunological, and environmental factors influencing disease severity and post-infection clinical outcomes, known as correlates of immunity, remain largely undefined. Clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection vary widely, ranging from asymptomatic cases to those with life-threatening COVID-19 symptoms. While most infected individuals return to their former health and fitness within a few weeks, some develop debilitating chronic symptoms, referred to as long-COVID. Autoimmune responses have been proposed as one of the factors influencing long-COVID and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The association between viral infections and autoimmune pathologies is not new. Viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, among others, have been shown to induce the production of autoantibodies and the onset of autoimmune conditions. Given the extensive literature on SARS-CoV-2, here we review current evidence on SARS-CoV-2-induced autoimmune pathologies, with a focus on autoantibodies. We closely examine mechanisms driving autoantibody production, particularly their connection with disease severity and long-COVID.
Keywords: ACE2; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; autoantibodies; autoimmunity; long-COVID; post-acute sequelae.
. 2025 Jan 6:15:1509289.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1509289. eCollection 2024. Autoantibodies in COVID-19: implications for disease severity and clinical outcomes
Yannick Galipeau[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Curtis Cooper[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Marc-André Langlois[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39835117
- PMCID: PMC11743527
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1509289
Few pathogens have historically been subjected to as intense scientific and clinical scrutiny as SARS-CoV-2. The genetic, immunological, and environmental factors influencing disease severity and post-infection clinical outcomes, known as correlates of immunity, remain largely undefined. Clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection vary widely, ranging from asymptomatic cases to those with life-threatening COVID-19 symptoms. While most infected individuals return to their former health and fitness within a few weeks, some develop debilitating chronic symptoms, referred to as long-COVID. Autoimmune responses have been proposed as one of the factors influencing long-COVID and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The association between viral infections and autoimmune pathologies is not new. Viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, among others, have been shown to induce the production of autoantibodies and the onset of autoimmune conditions. Given the extensive literature on SARS-CoV-2, here we review current evidence on SARS-CoV-2-induced autoimmune pathologies, with a focus on autoantibodies. We closely examine mechanisms driving autoantibody production, particularly their connection with disease severity and long-COVID.
Keywords: ACE2; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; autoantibodies; autoimmunity; long-COVID; post-acute sequelae.