tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
. 2021 Dec 21;11:725035.
doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.725035. eCollection 2021.
Clinical, Virological, Immunological, and Genomic Characterization of Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Cases With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in India
Sanchari Chatterjee[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Ankita Datey[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Soumya Sengupta[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Arup Ghosh[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Atimukta Jha[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Safal Walia[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sharad Singh[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sandhya Suranjika[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gargee Bhattacharya[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Eshna Laha[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Supriya Suman Keshry[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amrita Ray[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Sweta Smita Pani[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amol Ratnakar Suryawanshi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rupesh Dash[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shantibhusan Senapati[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tushar K Beuria[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gulam Hussain Syed[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Punit Prasad[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sunil Kumar Raghav[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Satish Devadas[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rajeeb K Swain[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Soma Chattopadhyay[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ajay Parida[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Purpose: The current global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), led to the investigation with clinical, biochemical, immunological, and genomic characterization from patients to understand the pathophysiology of viral infection.
Methods: Samples were collected from six asymptomatic and six symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-confirmed hospitalized patients in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Clinical details, biochemical parameters, and treatment regimen were collected from a hospital; viral load was determined by RT-PCR; and the levels of cytokines and circulating antibodies in plasma were assessed by Bio-Plex and isotyping, respectively. In addition, whole-genome sequencing of viral strains and mutational analysis were carried out.
Results: Analysis of the biochemical parameters highlighted the increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum SGPT, serum SGOT, and ferritin in symptomatic patients. Symptomatic patients were mostly with one or more comorbidities, especially type 2 diabetes (66.6%). The virological estimation revealed that there was no significant difference in viral load of oropharyngeal (OP) samples between the two groups. On the other hand, viral load was higher in plasma and serum samples of symptomatic patients, and they develop sufficient amounts of antibodies (IgG, IgM, and IgA). The levels of seven cytokines (IL-6, IL-1α, IP-10, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-α2, IL-15) were found to be highly elevated in symptomatic patients, while three cytokines (soluble CD40L, GRO, and MDC) were remarkably higher in asymptomatic patients. The whole-genome sequence analysis revealed that the current isolates were clustered with 19B, 20A, and 20B clades; however, 11 additional changes in Orf1ab, spike, Orf3a, Orf8, and nucleocapsid proteins were acquired. The D614G mutation in spike protein is linked with higher virus replication efficiency and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection as three patients had higher viral load, and among them, two patients with this mutation passed away.
Conclusions: This is the first comprehensive study of SARS-CoV-2 patients from India. This will contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and thereby advance the implementation of effective disease control strategies.
Keywords: COVID-19; D614G mutation; SARS-CoV-2; asymptomatic and symptomatic patients; cytokines; disease severity.
. 2021 Dec 21;11:725035.
doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.725035. eCollection 2021.
Clinical, Virological, Immunological, and Genomic Characterization of Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Cases With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in India
Sanchari Chatterjee[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Ankita Datey[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Soumya Sengupta[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Arup Ghosh[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Atimukta Jha[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Safal Walia[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sharad Singh[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sandhya Suranjika[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gargee Bhattacharya[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Eshna Laha[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Supriya Suman Keshry[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amrita Ray[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Sweta Smita Pani[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amol Ratnakar Suryawanshi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rupesh Dash[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shantibhusan Senapati[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tushar K Beuria[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gulam Hussain Syed[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Punit Prasad[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sunil Kumar Raghav[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Satish Devadas[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rajeeb K Swain[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Soma Chattopadhyay[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ajay Parida[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34993157
- PMCID: PMC8724424
- DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.725035
Abstract
Purpose: The current global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), led to the investigation with clinical, biochemical, immunological, and genomic characterization from patients to understand the pathophysiology of viral infection.
Methods: Samples were collected from six asymptomatic and six symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-confirmed hospitalized patients in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Clinical details, biochemical parameters, and treatment regimen were collected from a hospital; viral load was determined by RT-PCR; and the levels of cytokines and circulating antibodies in plasma were assessed by Bio-Plex and isotyping, respectively. In addition, whole-genome sequencing of viral strains and mutational analysis were carried out.
Results: Analysis of the biochemical parameters highlighted the increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum SGPT, serum SGOT, and ferritin in symptomatic patients. Symptomatic patients were mostly with one or more comorbidities, especially type 2 diabetes (66.6%). The virological estimation revealed that there was no significant difference in viral load of oropharyngeal (OP) samples between the two groups. On the other hand, viral load was higher in plasma and serum samples of symptomatic patients, and they develop sufficient amounts of antibodies (IgG, IgM, and IgA). The levels of seven cytokines (IL-6, IL-1α, IP-10, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-α2, IL-15) were found to be highly elevated in symptomatic patients, while three cytokines (soluble CD40L, GRO, and MDC) were remarkably higher in asymptomatic patients. The whole-genome sequence analysis revealed that the current isolates were clustered with 19B, 20A, and 20B clades; however, 11 additional changes in Orf1ab, spike, Orf3a, Orf8, and nucleocapsid proteins were acquired. The D614G mutation in spike protein is linked with higher virus replication efficiency and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection as three patients had higher viral load, and among them, two patients with this mutation passed away.
Conclusions: This is the first comprehensive study of SARS-CoV-2 patients from India. This will contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and thereby advance the implementation of effective disease control strategies.
Keywords: COVID-19; D614G mutation; SARS-CoV-2; asymptomatic and symptomatic patients; cytokines; disease severity.
