tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Expert Rev Vaccines
. 2021 Dec 23.
doi: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2021075. Online ahead of print.
Adverse events following influenza immunization: understanding the role of age and sex interactions
Erika Bohn-Goldbaum[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Troy Cross[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alan Leeb[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Ian Peters[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Robert Booy[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Kate M Edwards[SUP] 1 6 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: Reduction of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) could improve vaccine uptake. Evidence suggests both sex and age affect AEFI rates but, with limited understanding of their interaction, groups at higher risk for adverse reaction cannot be identified.
Research design and methods: Using deidentified data (n=308,481) from Australians receiving influenza vaccinations in the 2020 calendar year, we analyzed the effects of independent predictors (i.e., age and sex), on experiencing an AEFI using logistic regression generalized additive modelling to capture any nonlinear relationships and adjusting for vaccine brand and concomitant vaccination.
Results: Overall reaction rate was 5.5% and the modelling revealed significant effects of age (p<0.001), sex (p<0.001) and age×sex (p<0.001). Females were more likely to experience AEFIs than males between 7.5-87.5 years of age and exhibited peak odds at about 53 years of age while peak odds for males occurred in infancy.
Conclusion: The results suggest there is a need for targeting AEFI reduction in females, particularly in 30-70-year-olds, to improve the vaccination experience. The results further suggest reducing concomitant vaccination and choosing less reactogenic vaccine brands could reduce risk of AEFI, however retaining concomitant vaccination may optimize vaccine uptake.
Keywords: ageing; diurnal; influenza; reactogenicity; sex difference; vaccination.
. 2021 Dec 23.
doi: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2021075. Online ahead of print.
Adverse events following influenza immunization: understanding the role of age and sex interactions
Erika Bohn-Goldbaum[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Troy Cross[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alan Leeb[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Ian Peters[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Robert Booy[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Kate M Edwards[SUP] 1 6 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34937488
- DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2021075
Abstract
Background: Reduction of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) could improve vaccine uptake. Evidence suggests both sex and age affect AEFI rates but, with limited understanding of their interaction, groups at higher risk for adverse reaction cannot be identified.
Research design and methods: Using deidentified data (n=308,481) from Australians receiving influenza vaccinations in the 2020 calendar year, we analyzed the effects of independent predictors (i.e., age and sex), on experiencing an AEFI using logistic regression generalized additive modelling to capture any nonlinear relationships and adjusting for vaccine brand and concomitant vaccination.
Results: Overall reaction rate was 5.5% and the modelling revealed significant effects of age (p<0.001), sex (p<0.001) and age×sex (p<0.001). Females were more likely to experience AEFIs than males between 7.5-87.5 years of age and exhibited peak odds at about 53 years of age while peak odds for males occurred in infancy.
Conclusion: The results suggest there is a need for targeting AEFI reduction in females, particularly in 30-70-year-olds, to improve the vaccination experience. The results further suggest reducing concomitant vaccination and choosing less reactogenic vaccine brands could reduce risk of AEFI, however retaining concomitant vaccination may optimize vaccine uptake.
Keywords: ageing; diurnal; influenza; reactogenicity; sex difference; vaccination.