tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther
. 2024 Dec 17.
doi: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2443920. Online ahead of print. Targeting H3N2 influenza: advancements in treatment and vaccine strategies
Shriyansh Srivastava[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Nandani Jayaswal[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Sachin Kumar[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gsn Koteswara Rao[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Roja Rani Budha[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Aroop Mohanty[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Rachana Mehta[SUP] 7 8 [/SUP], Vasso Apostolopoulos[SUP] 9 10 [/SUP], Sanjit Sah[SUP] 11 12 13 [/SUP], D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Ricardo Ulloque-Badaracco[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales[SUP] 15 16 17 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Introduction: The emergence of the H3N2 influenza virus in 1968 marked a significant event as it crossed the species barrier. This shift led to a pandemic, resulting in the deaths of one million people globally and highlighting the virus's severe impact on older individuals due to antigenic drift.
Area covered: This review comprehensively examines the virological characteristics, evolutionary trends, and global epidemiology of the Influenza A (H3N2) virus. It delves into vaccination strategies, antiviral interventions, and emerging diagnostic approaches. The impact of antigenic variation on vaccine design and effectiveness, seasonal outbreak patterns, and pandemic potential are explored. Additionally, the interplay between viral factors and host immune responses is assessed. Researchers are actively investigating innovative strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy against H3N2 mutations, such as precise antigenic material administration, controlled release patterns, understanding immune system mechanisms, and glycan engineering.
Expert opinion: The ongoing mutational dynamics of the H3N2 virus necessitate regular vaccine updates, as advocated by the WHO. Research in the Western Pacific region underscores the need for heightened awareness and effective control strategies. Evaluating antiviral therapies and addressing drug resistance requires multidisciplinary approaches involving researchers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers. This comprehensive understanding of H3N2 is vital for improving public health interventions and preparing for future influenza challenges.
Keywords: H3N2 influenza; antigenic variation; multidisciplinary approach; pandemic potential; vaccine efficacy.
. 2024 Dec 17.
doi: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2443920. Online ahead of print. Targeting H3N2 influenza: advancements in treatment and vaccine strategies
Shriyansh Srivastava[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Nandani Jayaswal[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Sachin Kumar[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gsn Koteswara Rao[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Roja Rani Budha[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Aroop Mohanty[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Rachana Mehta[SUP] 7 8 [/SUP], Vasso Apostolopoulos[SUP] 9 10 [/SUP], Sanjit Sah[SUP] 11 12 13 [/SUP], D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Ricardo Ulloque-Badaracco[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales[SUP] 15 16 17 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39688174
- DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2443920
Introduction: The emergence of the H3N2 influenza virus in 1968 marked a significant event as it crossed the species barrier. This shift led to a pandemic, resulting in the deaths of one million people globally and highlighting the virus's severe impact on older individuals due to antigenic drift.
Area covered: This review comprehensively examines the virological characteristics, evolutionary trends, and global epidemiology of the Influenza A (H3N2) virus. It delves into vaccination strategies, antiviral interventions, and emerging diagnostic approaches. The impact of antigenic variation on vaccine design and effectiveness, seasonal outbreak patterns, and pandemic potential are explored. Additionally, the interplay between viral factors and host immune responses is assessed. Researchers are actively investigating innovative strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy against H3N2 mutations, such as precise antigenic material administration, controlled release patterns, understanding immune system mechanisms, and glycan engineering.
Expert opinion: The ongoing mutational dynamics of the H3N2 virus necessitate regular vaccine updates, as advocated by the WHO. Research in the Western Pacific region underscores the need for heightened awareness and effective control strategies. Evaluating antiviral therapies and addressing drug resistance requires multidisciplinary approaches involving researchers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers. This comprehensive understanding of H3N2 is vital for improving public health interventions and preparing for future influenza challenges.
Keywords: H3N2 influenza; antigenic variation; multidisciplinary approach; pandemic potential; vaccine efficacy.