tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Braz J Microbiol. 2017 Oct 13. pii: S1517-8382(16)31368-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.07.003. [Epub ahead of print]
[h=1]Evolution of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) during a Brazilian outbreak, 2015.[/h] Favaro PF[SUP]1[/SUP], Fernandes WR[SUP]2[/SUP], Reischak D[SUP]3[/SUP], Brand?o PE[SUP]4[/SUP], Silva SOS[SUP]4[/SUP], Richtzenhain LJ[SUP]4[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Equine influenza is one of the major respiratory infectious diseases in horses. An equine influenza virus outbreak was identified in vaccinated and unvaccinated horses in a veterinary school hospital in S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil, in September 2015. The twelve equine influenza viruses isolated belonged to Florida Clade 1. The hemagglutinin and neuraminidase amino acid sequences were compared with the recent isolates from North and South America and the World Organisation for Animal Health recommended Florida Clade 1 vaccine strain. The hemagglutinin amino acid sequences had nine substitutions, compared with the vaccine strain. Two of them were in antigenic site A (A138S and G142R), one in antigenic site E (R62K) and another not in antigenic site (K304E). The four substitutions changed the hydrophobicity of hemagglutinin. Three distinct genetic variants were identified during the outbreak. Eleven variants were found in four quasispecies, which suggests the equine influenza virus evolved during the outbreak. The use of an out of date vaccine strain or updated vaccines without the production of protective antibody titers might be the major contributing factors on virus dissemination during this outbreak.
Copyright ? 2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] Equine influenza; Evolutionary analysis; H3N8; Hemagglutinin; Neuraminidase
PMID: 29100932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.07.003
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[h=1]Evolution of equine influenza viruses (H3N8) during a Brazilian outbreak, 2015.[/h] Favaro PF[SUP]1[/SUP], Fernandes WR[SUP]2[/SUP], Reischak D[SUP]3[/SUP], Brand?o PE[SUP]4[/SUP], Silva SOS[SUP]4[/SUP], Richtzenhain LJ[SUP]4[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Equine influenza is one of the major respiratory infectious diseases in horses. An equine influenza virus outbreak was identified in vaccinated and unvaccinated horses in a veterinary school hospital in S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil, in September 2015. The twelve equine influenza viruses isolated belonged to Florida Clade 1. The hemagglutinin and neuraminidase amino acid sequences were compared with the recent isolates from North and South America and the World Organisation for Animal Health recommended Florida Clade 1 vaccine strain. The hemagglutinin amino acid sequences had nine substitutions, compared with the vaccine strain. Two of them were in antigenic site A (A138S and G142R), one in antigenic site E (R62K) and another not in antigenic site (K304E). The four substitutions changed the hydrophobicity of hemagglutinin. Three distinct genetic variants were identified during the outbreak. Eleven variants were found in four quasispecies, which suggests the equine influenza virus evolved during the outbreak. The use of an out of date vaccine strain or updated vaccines without the production of protective antibody titers might be the major contributing factors on virus dissemination during this outbreak.
Copyright ? 2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] Equine influenza; Evolutionary analysis; H3N8; Hemagglutinin; Neuraminidase
PMID: 29100932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.07.003
Free full text