tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Vaccine
Available online 10 July 2012
In Press, Uncorrected Proof ? Note to users
Cover image
Evaluation of replication, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a live attenuated cold-adapted pandemic H1N1 influenza virus vaccine in non-human primates
Kobporn Boonnak,
Myeisha Paskel,
Yumiko Matsuoka,
Leatrice Vogel,
Kanta SubbaraoCorresponding author contact information, E-mail the corresponding author, E-mail the corresponding author
Emerging Respiratory Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bldg. 33, Room 3E13C.1, 33 North Drive, MSC 3203, Bethesda, MD 20892-3203, United States
Received 12 April 2012. Revised 28 June 2012. Accepted 30 June 2012. Available online 10 July 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.06.088, How to Cite or Link Using DOI
Abstract
We studied the replication of influenza A/California/07/09 (H1N1) wild type (CA09wt) virus in two non-human primate species and used one of these models to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a live attenuated cold-adapted vaccine, which contains the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from the H1N1 wild type virus and six internal protein gene segments of the A/Ann Arbor/6/60 cold-adapted (ca) master donor virus. We infected African green monkeys (AGMs) and rhesus macaques with 2 ? 106 TCID50 of CA09wt and CA09ca influenza viruses. The virus replicated in the upper respiratory tract of all animals but the titers in upper respiratory tract tissues of rhesus macaques were significant higher than in AGMs (mean peak titers 104.5 TCID50/g and 102.0 TCID50/g on days 4 and 2 post-infection, respectively; p < 0.01). Virus replication was observed in the lungs of all rhesus macaques (102.0?105.4 TCID50/g) whereas only 2 out of 4 AGMs had virus recovered from the lungs (102.5?103.5 TCID50/g). The CA09ca vaccine virus was attenuated and highly restricted in replication in both AGMs and rhesus macaques. We evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the CA09ca vaccine in rhesus macaques because CA09wt virus replicated more efficiently in this species. One or two doses of vaccine were administered intranasally and intratracheally to rhesus macaques. For the two-dose group, the vaccine was administered 4-weeks apart. Immunogenicity was assessed by measuring hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibodies in the serum and specific IgA antibodies to CA09wt virus in the nasal wash. One or two doses of the vaccine elicited a significant rise in HAI titers (range 40?320). Two doses of CA09ca elicited higher pH1N1-specific IgA titers than in the mock-immunized group (p < 0.01). Vaccine efficacy was assessed by comparing titers of CA09wt challenge virus in the respiratory tract of mock immunized and CA09ca vaccinated monkeys. Significantly lower virus titers were observed in the lungs of vaccinated animals than mock-immunized animals (p ≤ 0.01). Our results demonstrate that AGMs and rhesus macaques support the replication of pandemic H1N1 influenza virus to different degrees and a cold-adapted pH1N1 vaccine elicits protective immunity against pH1N1 virus infection in rhesus macaques.
Highlights
► The 2009 pH1N1 virus replicates to higher titer in rhesus macaques than AGMs. ► The live attenuated pH1N1 influenza virus vaccine is immunogenic in rhesus macaques. ► The pH1N1 LAIV protects rhesus macaques from wild-type virus challenge.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X12009784
Available online 10 July 2012
In Press, Uncorrected Proof ? Note to users
Cover image
Evaluation of replication, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a live attenuated cold-adapted pandemic H1N1 influenza virus vaccine in non-human primates
Kobporn Boonnak,
Myeisha Paskel,
Yumiko Matsuoka,
Leatrice Vogel,
Kanta SubbaraoCorresponding author contact information, E-mail the corresponding author, E-mail the corresponding author
Emerging Respiratory Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bldg. 33, Room 3E13C.1, 33 North Drive, MSC 3203, Bethesda, MD 20892-3203, United States
Received 12 April 2012. Revised 28 June 2012. Accepted 30 June 2012. Available online 10 July 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.06.088, How to Cite or Link Using DOI
Abstract
We studied the replication of influenza A/California/07/09 (H1N1) wild type (CA09wt) virus in two non-human primate species and used one of these models to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a live attenuated cold-adapted vaccine, which contains the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from the H1N1 wild type virus and six internal protein gene segments of the A/Ann Arbor/6/60 cold-adapted (ca) master donor virus. We infected African green monkeys (AGMs) and rhesus macaques with 2 ? 106 TCID50 of CA09wt and CA09ca influenza viruses. The virus replicated in the upper respiratory tract of all animals but the titers in upper respiratory tract tissues of rhesus macaques were significant higher than in AGMs (mean peak titers 104.5 TCID50/g and 102.0 TCID50/g on days 4 and 2 post-infection, respectively; p < 0.01). Virus replication was observed in the lungs of all rhesus macaques (102.0?105.4 TCID50/g) whereas only 2 out of 4 AGMs had virus recovered from the lungs (102.5?103.5 TCID50/g). The CA09ca vaccine virus was attenuated and highly restricted in replication in both AGMs and rhesus macaques. We evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the CA09ca vaccine in rhesus macaques because CA09wt virus replicated more efficiently in this species. One or two doses of vaccine were administered intranasally and intratracheally to rhesus macaques. For the two-dose group, the vaccine was administered 4-weeks apart. Immunogenicity was assessed by measuring hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibodies in the serum and specific IgA antibodies to CA09wt virus in the nasal wash. One or two doses of the vaccine elicited a significant rise in HAI titers (range 40?320). Two doses of CA09ca elicited higher pH1N1-specific IgA titers than in the mock-immunized group (p < 0.01). Vaccine efficacy was assessed by comparing titers of CA09wt challenge virus in the respiratory tract of mock immunized and CA09ca vaccinated monkeys. Significantly lower virus titers were observed in the lungs of vaccinated animals than mock-immunized animals (p ≤ 0.01). Our results demonstrate that AGMs and rhesus macaques support the replication of pandemic H1N1 influenza virus to different degrees and a cold-adapted pH1N1 vaccine elicits protective immunity against pH1N1 virus infection in rhesus macaques.
Highlights
► The 2009 pH1N1 virus replicates to higher titer in rhesus macaques than AGMs. ► The live attenuated pH1N1 influenza virus vaccine is immunogenic in rhesus macaques. ► The pH1N1 LAIV protects rhesus macaques from wild-type virus challenge.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X12009784