Giuseppe
Emeritus
[Source: Eurosurveillance, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]
Eurosurveillance, Volume 19, Issue 18, 08 May 2014 / Review articles
INFLUENZA AT THE ANIMAL?HUMAN INTERFACE: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE FOR VIROLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF HUMAN INFECTION WITH SWINE OR AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES OTHER THAN A(H5N1)
G S Freidl<SUP>1</SUP><SUP>,2</SUP>, A Meijer<SUP>1</SUP>, E de Bruin<SUP>1</SUP>, M de Nardi<SUP>3</SUP>, O Munoz<SUP>3</SUP>, I Capua<SUP>3</SUP>, A C Breed<SUP>4</SUP>, K Harris<SUP>4</SUP>, A Hill<SUP>4</SUP><SUP>,5</SUP>, R Kosmider<SUP>4</SUP>, J Banks<SUP>4</SUP>, S von Dobschuetz<SUP>5</SUP><SUP>,6</SUP>, K Stark<SUP>5</SUP>, B Wieland<SUP>5</SUP>, K Stevens<SUP>5</SUP>, S van der Werf<SUP>7</SUP>, V Enouf<SUP>7</SUP>, K van der Meulen<SUP>8</SUP>, K Van Reeth<SUP>8</SUP>, G Dauphin<SUP>6</SUP>, M Koopmans <SUP>1</SUP><SUP>,2</SUP>, FLURISK Consortium<SUP>9</SUP>
<SUP></SUP>
<SUP>1</SUP>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening (IDS), Bilthoven, the Netherlands - 2 Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands - 3 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Human?Animal Interface, Padova, Italy - 4 Animal Health and Veterinary Agency (AHVLA), Surrey, United Kingdom - 5 Royal Veterinary College (RVC), London, United Kingdom - 6 United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy - 7 Institut Pasteur, Paris, France - 8 Universtiy of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium - 9 http://www.izsvenezie.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1203&Itemid=629
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Citation style for this article: Freidl GS, Meijer A, de Bruin E, de Nardi M, Munoz O, Capua I, Breed AC, Harris K, Hill A, Kosmider R, Banks J, von Dobschuetz S, Stark K, Wieland B, Stevens K, van der Werf S, Enouf V, van der Meulen K, Van Reeth K, Dauphin G, Koopmans M, FLURISK Consortium. Influenza at the animal?human interface: a review of the literature for virological evidence of human infection with swine or avian influenza viruses other than A(H5N1). Euro Surveill. 2014;19(18)
ii=20793. Available online: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20793
Date of submission: 01 August 2013
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Factors that trigger human infection with animal influenza virus progressing into a pandemic are poorly understood. Within a project developing an evidence-based risk assessment framework for influenza viruses in animals, we conducted a review of the literature for evidence of human infection with animal influenza viruses by diagnostic methods used. The review covering Medline, Embase, SciSearch and CabAbstracts yielded 6,955 articles, of which we retained 89; for influenza A(H5N1) and A(H7N9), the official case counts of the World Health Organization were used. An additional 30 studies were included by scanning the reference lists. Here, we present the findings for confirmed infections with virological evidence. We found reports of 1,419 naturally infected human cases, of which 648 were associated with avian influenza virus (AIV) A(H5N1), 375 with other AIV subtypes, and 396 with swine influenza virus (SIV). Human cases naturally infected with AIV spanned haemagglutinin subtypes H5, H6, H7, H9 and H10. SIV cases were associated with endemic SIV of H1 and H3 subtype descending from North American and Eurasian SIV lineages and various reassortants thereof. Direct exposure to birds or swine was the most likely source of infection for the cases with available information on exposure.
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Eurosurveillance, Volume 19, Issue 18, 08 May 2014 / Review articles
INFLUENZA AT THE ANIMAL?HUMAN INTERFACE: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE FOR VIROLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF HUMAN INFECTION WITH SWINE OR AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES OTHER THAN A(H5N1)
G S Freidl<SUP>1</SUP><SUP>,2</SUP>, A Meijer<SUP>1</SUP>, E de Bruin<SUP>1</SUP>, M de Nardi<SUP>3</SUP>, O Munoz<SUP>3</SUP>, I Capua<SUP>3</SUP>, A C Breed<SUP>4</SUP>, K Harris<SUP>4</SUP>, A Hill<SUP>4</SUP><SUP>,5</SUP>, R Kosmider<SUP>4</SUP>, J Banks<SUP>4</SUP>, S von Dobschuetz<SUP>5</SUP><SUP>,6</SUP>, K Stark<SUP>5</SUP>, B Wieland<SUP>5</SUP>, K Stevens<SUP>5</SUP>, S van der Werf<SUP>7</SUP>, V Enouf<SUP>7</SUP>, K van der Meulen<SUP>8</SUP>, K Van Reeth<SUP>8</SUP>, G Dauphin<SUP>6</SUP>, M Koopmans <SUP>1</SUP><SUP>,2</SUP>, FLURISK Consortium<SUP>9</SUP>
<SUP></SUP>
<SUP>1</SUP>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening (IDS), Bilthoven, the Netherlands - 2 Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands - 3 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, OIE Collaborating Centre for Diseases at the Human?Animal Interface, Padova, Italy - 4 Animal Health and Veterinary Agency (AHVLA), Surrey, United Kingdom - 5 Royal Veterinary College (RVC), London, United Kingdom - 6 United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy - 7 Institut Pasteur, Paris, France - 8 Universtiy of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium - 9 http://www.izsvenezie.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1203&Itemid=629
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Citation style for this article: Freidl GS, Meijer A, de Bruin E, de Nardi M, Munoz O, Capua I, Breed AC, Harris K, Hill A, Kosmider R, Banks J, von Dobschuetz S, Stark K, Wieland B, Stevens K, van der Werf S, Enouf V, van der Meulen K, Van Reeth K, Dauphin G, Koopmans M, FLURISK Consortium. Influenza at the animal?human interface: a review of the literature for virological evidence of human infection with swine or avian influenza viruses other than A(H5N1). Euro Surveill. 2014;19(18)
ii=20793. Available online: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20793Date of submission: 01 August 2013
______
Factors that trigger human infection with animal influenza virus progressing into a pandemic are poorly understood. Within a project developing an evidence-based risk assessment framework for influenza viruses in animals, we conducted a review of the literature for evidence of human infection with animal influenza viruses by diagnostic methods used. The review covering Medline, Embase, SciSearch and CabAbstracts yielded 6,955 articles, of which we retained 89; for influenza A(H5N1) and A(H7N9), the official case counts of the World Health Organization were used. An additional 30 studies were included by scanning the reference lists. Here, we present the findings for confirmed infections with virological evidence. We found reports of 1,419 naturally infected human cases, of which 648 were associated with avian influenza virus (AIV) A(H5N1), 375 with other AIV subtypes, and 396 with swine influenza virus (SIV). Human cases naturally infected with AIV spanned haemagglutinin subtypes H5, H6, H7, H9 and H10. SIV cases were associated with endemic SIV of H1 and H3 subtype descending from North American and Eurasian SIV lineages and various reassortants thereof. Direct exposure to birds or swine was the most likely source of infection for the cases with available information on exposure.
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