tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol
. 2020 Oct 22;81:103520.
doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103520. Online ahead of print.
The effect of environmental pollution on immune evasion checkpoints of SARS-CoV-2
Ayse Basak Engin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Evren Doruk Engin[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Atilla Engin[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Many diverse strategies allow and facilitate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to evade antiviral innate immune mechanisms. Although the type I interferon (IFN) system has a critical role in restricting the dissemination of viral infection, suppression of IFN receptor signals by SARS-CoV-2 constitutes a checkpoint that plays an important role in the immune escape of the virus. Environmental pollution not only facilitates SARS-CoV-2 infection but also increases infection-associated fatality risk, which arises due to Systemic Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Activation Syndrome. The intracellular accumulation of endogenous kynurenic acid due to overexpression of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by AhR activation induces AhR-interleukin-6 (IL-6)-signal transducers and activators of the transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. The AhR-IDO1-Kynurenine pathway is an important checkpoint, which leads to fatal consequences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune evasion in the context of Treg/Th17 imbalance and cytokine storm.
Keywords: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Environmental pollution; Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; Interferons; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
. 2020 Oct 22;81:103520.
doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103520. Online ahead of print.
The effect of environmental pollution on immune evasion checkpoints of SARS-CoV-2
Ayse Basak Engin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Evren Doruk Engin[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Atilla Engin[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33132153
- DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103520
Abstract
Many diverse strategies allow and facilitate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to evade antiviral innate immune mechanisms. Although the type I interferon (IFN) system has a critical role in restricting the dissemination of viral infection, suppression of IFN receptor signals by SARS-CoV-2 constitutes a checkpoint that plays an important role in the immune escape of the virus. Environmental pollution not only facilitates SARS-CoV-2 infection but also increases infection-associated fatality risk, which arises due to Systemic Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Activation Syndrome. The intracellular accumulation of endogenous kynurenic acid due to overexpression of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by AhR activation induces AhR-interleukin-6 (IL-6)-signal transducers and activators of the transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. The AhR-IDO1-Kynurenine pathway is an important checkpoint, which leads to fatal consequences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune evasion in the context of Treg/Th17 imbalance and cytokine storm.
Keywords: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Environmental pollution; Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; Interferons; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.