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Emerg Microbes Infect . Infection of ratites with clade 2.3.4.4b HPAIV H5N1: Potential implications for zoonotic risk

tetano

Editor, Senior Moderator
Emerg Microbes Infect


. 2026 Mar 13:2645853.
doi: 10.1080/22221751.2026.2645853. Online ahead of print.
Infection of ratites with clade 2.3.4.4b HPAIV H5N1: Potential implications for zoonotic risk

Holly A Coombes[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jacob Terrey[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Audra-Lynne Schlachter[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Phoebe McCarter[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Isabella Regina[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Richard Hepple[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Natalie McGinn[SUP] 1 [/SUP], James Seekings[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jayne Cooper[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Benjamin Clifton[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Benjamin C Mollett[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Marco Falchieri[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alejandro Nunez[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Scott M Reid[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Joe James[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP], Ashley C Banyard[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP]


Affiliations
Abstract

We detected H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza in captive Greater Rhea (Rhea americana). Viral genetic analysis revealed the mammalian associated PB2-E627 K mutation, indicating selection of mammalian-relevant mutations in ratites. Pathologic investigation of available tissues demonstrated severe multifocal necrotising inflammation, and a strong vasculotropism.


 
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