tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Emerg Microbes Infect
. 2024 Jul 15:2380421.
doi: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2380421. Online ahead of print. Genomic Characterization of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A H5N1 Virus Newly Emerged in Dairy Cattle
Xiao Hu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anugrah Saxena[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Drew R Magstadt[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Phillip C Gauger[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Eric Burrough[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jianqiang Zhang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Chris Siepker[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Marta Mainenti[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Patrick J Gorden[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Paul Plummer[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ganwu Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
In March 2024, the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) infections in dairy cattle was detected in United States for the first time. We genetically characterize HPAI viruses from dairy cattle showing an abrupt drop in milk production, as well as from two cats, six wild birds, and one skunk. They share nearly identical genome sequences, forming a new genotype B3.13 within the 2.3.4.4b clade. B3.13 viruses underwent two reassortment events since 2023 and exhibit critical mutations in HA, M1, and NS genes but lack critical mutations in PB2 and PB1 genes, which enhance virulence or adaptation to mammals. The PB2 E627 K mutation in a human case associated with cattle underscores the potential for rapid evolution post-infection, highlighting the need for continued surveillance to monitor public health threats.
Keywords: H5N1; clade 2.3.4.4b; dairy cattle; genome sequence; highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI); reassortment events.
. 2024 Jul 15:2380421.
doi: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2380421. Online ahead of print. Genomic Characterization of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A H5N1 Virus Newly Emerged in Dairy Cattle
Xiao Hu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anugrah Saxena[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Drew R Magstadt[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Phillip C Gauger[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Eric Burrough[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jianqiang Zhang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Chris Siepker[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Marta Mainenti[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Patrick J Gorden[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Paul Plummer[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ganwu Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39008278
- DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2380421
In March 2024, the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) infections in dairy cattle was detected in United States for the first time. We genetically characterize HPAI viruses from dairy cattle showing an abrupt drop in milk production, as well as from two cats, six wild birds, and one skunk. They share nearly identical genome sequences, forming a new genotype B3.13 within the 2.3.4.4b clade. B3.13 viruses underwent two reassortment events since 2023 and exhibit critical mutations in HA, M1, and NS genes but lack critical mutations in PB2 and PB1 genes, which enhance virulence or adaptation to mammals. The PB2 E627 K mutation in a human case associated with cattle underscores the potential for rapid evolution post-infection, highlighting the need for continued surveillance to monitor public health threats.
Keywords: H5N1; clade 2.3.4.4b; dairy cattle; genome sequence; highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI); reassortment events.