tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Brain Behav Immun. 2019 Sep 30. pii: S0889-1591(19)30651-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.09.024. [Epub ahead of print] [h=1]Elite athletes on regular training show more pronounced induction of vaccine-specific T-cells and antibodies after tetravalent influenza vaccination than controls.[/h]
Ledo A[SUP]1[/SUP], Schub D[SUP]1[/SUP], Ziller C[SUP]2[/SUP], Enders M[SUP]3[/SUP], Stenger T[SUP]2[/SUP], G?rtner BC[SUP]4[/SUP], Schmidt T[SUP]1[/SUP], Meyer T[SUP]2[/SUP], Sester M[SUP]5[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h] 1 Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany. 2 Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbr?cken, Germany. 3 Laboratory Prof. G. Enders and Partners & Institute of Virology, Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology e.V., Stuttgart, Germany. 4 Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany. 5 Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany. Electronic address: martina.sester@uks.eu.
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Compliance of elite athletes with vaccination recommendations is low mainly based on concerns about side-effects and perceived poor vaccine efficacy due to continued physical training. We therefore employed seasonal influenza vaccination to investigate the effect of regular physical training on vaccine-induced cellular and humoral immunity in elite athletes and controls. Lymphocyte subpopulations and vaccine-specific T-cells were quantified and functionally characterized from 45 athletes and 25 controls before, and 1, 2 and 26 weeks after vaccination. Moreover, influenza-specific antibodies and their neutralizing function were quantified. Both groups showed a significant increase in vaccine-reactive CD4 T-cell levels which peaked one week after vaccination (p<0.0001). The increase was significantly more pronounced in athletes (4.1-fold) compared to controls (2.3-fold; p=0.0007). The cytokine profile changed from multifunctional T-cells co-producing IFNγ, IL-2 and TNFα to cells with restricted cytokine expression. This change in functionality was associated with a significant increase in CTLA-4 expression (p<0.0001), which again was more pronounced in athletes. Likewise, the increase in neutralizing antibodies was stronger in athletes (p=0.004 for H1N1; p=0.032 for H3N2). In conclusion, both groups mounted a strong vaccine-specific cellular and humoral immunity after standard vaccination. The more pronounced increase in specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies indicates that high frequency and intensity of training enhance vaccine-responses in elite athletes.
Copyright ? 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] T cells; cellular immunity; competitive sports; exercise; humoral immunity; influenza; neutralizing antibodies; physical activity; vaccination
PMID: 31580932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.09.024
Ledo A[SUP]1[/SUP], Schub D[SUP]1[/SUP], Ziller C[SUP]2[/SUP], Enders M[SUP]3[/SUP], Stenger T[SUP]2[/SUP], G?rtner BC[SUP]4[/SUP], Schmidt T[SUP]1[/SUP], Meyer T[SUP]2[/SUP], Sester M[SUP]5[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h] 1 Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany. 2 Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbr?cken, Germany. 3 Laboratory Prof. G. Enders and Partners & Institute of Virology, Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology e.V., Stuttgart, Germany. 4 Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany. 5 Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany. Electronic address: martina.sester@uks.eu.
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Compliance of elite athletes with vaccination recommendations is low mainly based on concerns about side-effects and perceived poor vaccine efficacy due to continued physical training. We therefore employed seasonal influenza vaccination to investigate the effect of regular physical training on vaccine-induced cellular and humoral immunity in elite athletes and controls. Lymphocyte subpopulations and vaccine-specific T-cells were quantified and functionally characterized from 45 athletes and 25 controls before, and 1, 2 and 26 weeks after vaccination. Moreover, influenza-specific antibodies and their neutralizing function were quantified. Both groups showed a significant increase in vaccine-reactive CD4 T-cell levels which peaked one week after vaccination (p<0.0001). The increase was significantly more pronounced in athletes (4.1-fold) compared to controls (2.3-fold; p=0.0007). The cytokine profile changed from multifunctional T-cells co-producing IFNγ, IL-2 and TNFα to cells with restricted cytokine expression. This change in functionality was associated with a significant increase in CTLA-4 expression (p<0.0001), which again was more pronounced in athletes. Likewise, the increase in neutralizing antibodies was stronger in athletes (p=0.004 for H1N1; p=0.032 for H3N2). In conclusion, both groups mounted a strong vaccine-specific cellular and humoral immunity after standard vaccination. The more pronounced increase in specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies indicates that high frequency and intensity of training enhance vaccine-responses in elite athletes.
Copyright ? 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] T cells; cellular immunity; competitive sports; exercise; humoral immunity; influenza; neutralizing antibodies; physical activity; vaccination
PMID: 31580932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.09.024