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Egypt - Human H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 to February 7, 2009

Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

ECDC Health Content: AVIAN INFLUENZA ? HUMAN HEALTH ? CAMBODIA & EGYPT

AVIAN INFLUENZA ? HUMAN HEALTH ? CAMBODIA & EGYPT

Cambodia
The Ministry of Health of Cambodia has announced a new confirmed case of human infection with the avian influenza virus A(H5N1). The case is a 19-year old male from the Kandal Province who developed symptoms on the 28th November and two days later was hospitalised. The presence of the virus was confirmed by the Institute Pasteur in Cambodia (the appointed National Influenza Centre for the country). The patient is still in hospital and the source of infection has not been identified yet but prophylaxis measures have already been provided to the close contacts of the case. Seven out of 8 cases of human avian influenza reported in Cambodia have been fatal, WHO reports.

Egypt
Another case of avian influenza virus A(H5N1) has been confirmed by the Ministry of Health and Population of Egypt. This time the case was a teenage girl from the Assuit Governorate in Upper Egypt. Three days after the initial symptoms she was hospitalised and died four days later. The identification of the virus was carried out by means of PCR at the Egyptian Public Health Laboratory and confirmed later by the US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 (NAMRU-3) laboratories. Investigations into the source of the infection point to a recent history of contact with sick and dead poultry. Twenty three out of 51 cases reported in Egypt have been fatal, WHO reports.

ECDC Comment: (18/12/2008)
These cases are not exceptional. Both Cambodia and Egypt are countries where influenza A(H5N1) is considered established and endemic in birds. Certainly its proving difficult to eliminate. This is also a time of year when cases seem to be more frequent in recent years.​
<cite cite="http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/health_content/episu/081218_av_hh.aspx">ECDC Health Content</cite>
 
Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

New Suspected Case Of Infection From Bird Flu

Ceyhan wrote Ibrahim Khalifa, India 12-22-2008

Penha Hospital admitted detained Mohammed Mahmoud Mohammed (4 years) from the village of Arab sand of the Center for Quesna Mounovip on suspicion of being infected with bird flu.

And Dr. Hisham Atta, Deputy Minister of Health the government, was setting up an operation room to follow up any notifications received on the Directorate of suspected cases of bird flu,

The execution was the home of all domestic birds infected, through the committee, which was formed from the Directorate of Health and veterinary medicine, agriculture and Security Directorate, has been taking samples from nearby houses to be examined, taking a sample of children who were sent to central labs in Cairo for analysis.

http://www.almasry-alyoum.com/article2.aspx?ArticleID=191512
 
Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Egypt: One New Suspected Case of Avian Influenza



12/22/08 ARGUS--A national source reported a 4-year-old male suspect avian influenza (AI) case. The boy was hospitalized at the fevers? hospital in Al Minufiyah, where samples were taken and sent to the Cairo central laboratories for testing. All poultry in the child?s household were culled. A health official stated that an emergency room was prepared to respond to any suspected cases of AI in the district.

Article URL(s)
http://www.almasry-alyoum.com/article2.aspx?ArticleID=191512
 
Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Family admitted to bird flu ward in hospital and given tamiflu -


<table style="text-align: left; direction: ltr;"><tbody><tr><td class="nav" align="center"> Family of suspected infection
من 5 أفراد بأنفلونزا الطيور​
5 members from bird flu
</td></tr><tr><td class="auther" align="right">
الغربية- علي أبودشيش:​
West - Ali Oboudecic:
</td></tr><tr><td align="right">
احتجز أمس مستشفي حميات المحلة عبدالستار فتحي "45 سنة" معاون بيطري "وزوجته وأبناءه الثلاثة" داخل القسم المخصص للحالات المشتبه في اصابتها بمرض انفلونزا الطيور وذلك بعد ظهور أعراض المرض عليهم من ارتفاع في درجات الحرارة وآلام شديدة بالمفاصل وسعال شديد حيث تم اعطاؤهم عقار التامفلو وسحب عينة من دمائهم وارسالها إلي المعامل المركزية بوزارة الصحة.​

Hospital admitted yesterday detained Mahala Fathi Abdul Sattar, "45 years" associate veterinarian, "and his wife and his three sons" in the section devoted to cases of suspected bird flu, after the emergence of symptoms of high temperature and severe pain, severe cough and joints, where the drug was given and the withdrawal of Altamflo a sample of blood sent to the laboratory and the central Ministry of Health.
كما قامت لجنة من الطب البيطري بإعدام أكثر من عشرة من طيور البط كانت موجودة بحظيرة المنزل وتطهير المكان وفرض كردون أمني لحين وصول نتائج التحاليل لمعرفة مدي إصابتهم من عدمه.​

It also has a committee of veterinary medicine to death more than a dozen ducks were Bhzirp the house and cleaning up the place and the imposition of Kerdoun security until the arrival of the results of tests to determine the extent of the injury or not.

http://www.algomhuria.net.eg/almessa/today/accedents/detail09.asp



</td></tr></tbody></table>
 
Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

It appears that this veterinarian may have been involved in a culling of ducks. The translation is not 100% clear.

In addition, Egypt has extensive education campaigns about bird flu. Veterinarians have been trained regarding the proper precautions to employ when dealing with sick poultry.


http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/showthread.php?p=185711


http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/showthread.php?p=181837
 
Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

I believe these five people are from Al Gharbiyah Governorate. Can someone confirm this?
 
Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

<table style="border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; direction: ltr;" id="autonumber2" border="0" bordercolor="#111111" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="640"><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle">A new suspected case of bird flu in the lake <!--heade--></td></tr><tr><td>
[FONT=arial (arabic)]البحيرة ـ تامر عبدالرءوف‏:‏[/FONT]
[FONT=arial (arabic)]Tamer Abdul Rauf, the lake:[/FONT]
للاشتباه في إصابته بإنفلونزا الطيور‏,‏ تم حجز عبدالله منجد إبراهيم‏35‏ سنة من قرية منشية مهنا بكوم حمادة بمستشفي حميات الإسكندرية بعد ظهور أعراض الإصابة بالمرض عليه‏.‏ ونظرا لمخالطته الطيور التي تربيها زوجته أعلي سطح منزله‏,‏ اشتبه الأطباء في حالته وتم تحويله إلي حميات الإسكندرية وأخذ عينات منه وإرسالها إلي المعامل المركزية بوزارة الصحة‏.‏​


On suspicion of having bird flu, has been reserved Munjid Abdullah Ibrahim, 35, from the village of Kom Hamada Manshiyat Mihanna fevers Alexandria hospital after the emergence of the symptoms of the disease. In view of the coming flu, which has kept his wife, the highest roof of his home, doctors suspected in his case was transferred to Alexandria, admitted taking samples and sending them to labs central Ministry of Health.

http://massai.ahram.org.eg/Index.asp?CurFN=fron6.htm&DID=9807






</td></tr></tbody></table>
 
Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Munjid Abdullah Ibrahim (35) (post 29) from Kom Hamada Manshiyat Mihanna

Location -
Beheira Governorate<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p>
Possibly from Kawm Hamadah (30.7558 30.6989)
 
Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Family admitted to bird flu ward in hospital and given tamiflu -


<table style="text-align: left; direction: ltr;"><tbody><tr><td class="nav" align="center"> Family of suspected infection
من 5 أفراد بأنفلونزا الطيور​
5 members from bird flu
</td></tr><tr><td class="auther" align="right">
الغربية- علي أبودشيش:​
West - Ali Oboudecic:
</td></tr><tr><td align="right">
احتجز أمس مستشفي حميات المحلة عبدالستار فتحي "45 سنة" معاون بيطري "وزوجته وأبناءه الثلاثة" داخل القسم المخصص للحالات المشتبه في اصابتها بمرض انفلونزا الطيور وذلك بعد ظهور أعراض المرض عليهم من ارتفاع في درجات الحرارة وآلام شديدة بالمفاصل وسعال شديد حيث تم اعطاؤهم عقار التامفلو وسحب عينة من دمائهم وارسالها إلي المعامل المركزية بوزارة الصحة.​

Hospital admitted yesterday detained Mahala Fathi Abdul Sattar, "45 years" associate veterinarian, "and his wife and his three sons" in the section devoted to cases of suspected bird flu, after the emergence of symptoms of high temperature and severe pain, severe cough and joints, where the drug was given and the withdrawal of Altamflo a sample of blood sent to the laboratory and the central Ministry of Health.
كما قامت لجنة من الطب البيطري بإعدام أكثر من عشرة من طيور البط كانت موجودة بحظيرة المنزل وتطهير المكان وفرض كردون أمني لحين وصول نتائج التحاليل لمعرفة مدي إصابتهم من عدمه.​

It also has a committee of veterinary medicine to death more than a dozen ducks were Bhzirp the house and cleaning up the place and the imposition of Kerdoun security until the arrival of the results of tests to determine the extent of the injury or not.

http://www.algomhuria.net.eg/almessa/today/accedents/detail09.asp



</td></tr></tbody></table>



systran translation http://www.systran.co.uk/


The suspecting in injury is family

From 5 individuals [b'anflwnzaa] the birds

The Westerner - on ['abwdshysh]:

Detained yesterday hospital the feverish district AbdulSattar is openings “45 year” veterinary assistant “and his wife and his sons the three” inside the specialized section for the suspected cases in hit her in illness influenza of the birds and that after appearance offers of the illness on them from rise in degrees the heat and tough pains in the cutters and tough cough where was complete [aae'Taau'hm] drug [aaltaamflw] and clouds of sample from their blood and sending her to the central factories in ministry of the health.

Just as committee from the medicine rose veterinary in execution more than the ten from birds ducks was present in pen the blessing
 
Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Source: http://in.reuters.com/article/health/idINTRE50B6BB20090112

Egyptian girl has bird flu, 2nd case this season
Tue Jan 13, 2009 1:27am IST

CAIRO (Reuters) - An Egyptian girl of 21 months has contracted bird flu and is in hospital in stable condition, a health ministry official said on Monday.

She is the 52nd case among humans in Egypt and the second of this winter season.

The girl, named as Asmaa Mohamed Salah Ismail, showed the first symptoms on Friday and was admitted to a specialist hospital on Saturday, said assistant health minister Nasr el-Sayed, quoted by the state news agency MENA.

The other Egyptian to contract the deadly virus this year, a woman near the southern town of Assiut, died on December 15. From the 52 human cases in Egypt over almost three years, 23 have died, but the number of cases seems to be diminishing.

The girl, from the village of Kerdasa on the western edge of Cairo, had been in contact with infected birds and showed the usual first symptoms -- a high temperature, vomiting and diarrhoea, Sayed said.

She is receiving the antiviral drug Tamiflu, which has proven effective against bird flu if treatment starts early.

Since the first case in 2003 there have been 248 human deaths globally from the H5N1 strain of bird flu and at least 394 confirmed cases of infection. Egypt has had more cases than any country outside Asia.

(Writing by Jonathan Wright; Editing by Jon Boyle)
 
Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Mr. Al-Nasr, assistant secretary of health and population affairs, preventive and primary care for the No. 52 human infection of bird flu as a result of contact with domestic birds and dead birds infected with the disease.

Dr. Nasr said that the situation of Mr. girl called the names of Muhammad Salah Ismail, a 21-month Krdasp of the province, the sixth of October, adding that the symptoms have appeared on the situation on Friday and entered the hospital on fevers Imbaba on Saturday, has been suffering from high temperature, vomiting and diarrhea.

Dr. Nasr said that once the suspicion of being infected with the disease were given the drug Altammivo and transferred earlier in the day to the hospital in the Tamiflu drug and in stable condition.

On the other hand, said Adly Hussein, governor of Qaliubiya it decided to stop the operation of 71 poultry farm for a period of 6 months and their owners fined amounts ranging from 10 to 20 thousand pounds, due to lack of implementation of the decisions to maintain to prevent the smuggling of poultry and to allow the inspection teams to follow up preventive measures to control bird flu.

"There has been completed, 5.5 million birds vaccinated against the disease has not been any injuries to maintain the disease since the month of February 2008, were also seized a car packed with 181 birds without a permit and the removal of 4061 in the shanty towns a total of 16 thousand birds.

The governor agreed to establish a new abattoir half to the status of the poultry birds Tok 2000 card at 4 in the other massacres are being established and the abolition of 4 other approvals for the massacres of the lack of seriousness in their implementation.

http://www.egynews.net/wps/portal/!ut/p/c1/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3hzMxMjkwAXIwMDbx8jAyNLQ8egYBNzIwsnM_1wkA6zeAMcwNFA388jPzdVvyA7rxwAG4A1aw!!/dl2/d1/L2dJQSEvUUt3QS9ZQnB3LzZfNzY0MjRQRDIwMEtMMjAyOTFBUlM0NzJTNDQ!/?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connect/migration/ertu/news_locals/2009011220523127600091
 
Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Declaration on the situation of the 52 cases of bird flu in Egypt
Health 12/01/2009 09:40:00 PM

Cairo - 12-1 (KUNA) - The Ministry of Health and Population of Egypt's No. 52 human infection of bird flu Bmrs Sixth of October governorate south of Cairo, described the condition as "stable."

The assistant secretary of health and population for preventive and primary care, Dr. Sayed said in a statement that the situation of the girl, aged 21 months, a result of contact with domestic birds and dead birds infected with the disease.

He added that Mr. symptoms appeared on the girl last Friday and entered the hospital, where their suffering from high temperature, vomiting and diarrhea, adding that as soon as the suspect in the deadly virus, the drug was given Altammivo and their health is now stable.

http://www.kuna.net.kw/NewsAgenciesPublicSite/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=1967495&Language=ar
 
Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +


Commentary

H5N1 Confirmed Case in Cairo Suburb
Recombinomics Commentary 20:50
December 15, 2008


The girl, named as Asmaa Mohamed Salah Ismail, showed the first symptoms on Friday and was admitted to a specialist hospital on Saturday,

The girl, from the village of Kerdasa on the western edge of Cairo, had been in contact with infected birds and showed the usual first symptoms -- a high temperature, vomiting and diarrhea


The above comments describe the second confirmed H5N1 case in Egypt this season (see 2009 map) The cases in December and January match initial cases last season in timing and location. Last season most of the cases were fatal, as was the first case this season.

Although reporting of H5N1 in poultry has not been actively covered in the media, which is due in part to Egypt?s announcement last season that H5N1 had become endemic. Therefore, reports of H5N1 in birds are filed every 6 months.

Last season at this time there was also an outbreak of vaccine resistant H5N1 in birds in Egypt and Israel, and one of the final confirmed cases last season was due to the vaccine resistant strain and the patient was also from Cairo. The isolate from that patient was selected by the WHO as a new H5N1 clade 2.2 target.

Sequence data on the cases this season would be useful.

.
 
Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Egypt: New human case of avian influenza - World Health Organization - Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean

New human case of avian influenza

Case number 52

12 January 2009

The Ministry of Health and Population (MOH), Egypt, reported a new confirmed human case of avian influenza on 12 January 2009.


The case is a 21 months old female from 6th October Governorate, Kerdasa District. The symptoms started on January 9. The patient was admitted to Imbaba Fever Hospital on the 10th with fever, cough, vomiting, diarrhea and rapid respiration.

The case was immediately suspected as avian influenza and given medical treatment, Tamiflu, 40 hours after the onset of symptoms.

Investigations showed very close contact with sick and dead poultry since one week.

Currently, the patient is in a good health condition.

This brings up the total number of confirmed human cases of avian influenza in Egypt to 52 with 23 deaths.
-
<cite cite="http://www.emro.who.int/index.asp">World Health Organization - Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean</cite>
 
Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

CIDRAP >> Egyptian child has H5N1 infection

Egyptian child has H5N1 infection

Lisa Schnirring * Staff Writer
Jan 13, 2009 (CIDRAP News) ?

A 21-month-old Egyptian girl has been hospitalized with an H5N1 avian influenza infection, the country's health ministry said yesterday.


The World Health Organization (WHO), in a statement posted yesterday on the Web site of its eastern Mediterranean office, said the girl's symptoms started on Jan 9 and she was admitted the next day to Imbaba Fever Hospital with fever, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, and rapid respiration. Her illness is listed as Egypt's 52nd H5N1 case.

The patient is from Kerdasa district, in 6th of October governorate on the western outskirts of Cairo. Her medical team immediately suspected avian influenza and treated the girl with oseltamivir (Tamiflu), 40 hours after the onset of her symptoms, according to the WHO report.

An investigation into the source of the girl's infection suggests that she had close contact with sick and dead poultry before she got sick, the WHO reported. The girl is recovering and is in good health.

Egypt reported its last human H5N1 case about 5 weeks ago, in a 16-year-old girl from Asyut governorate who died on Dec 15 after exposure to sick and dead poultry in her household, according to previous reports. The WHO listed the girl as Egypt's 51st case and its 23rd death.

Meanwhile, veterinary authorities in Egypt recently reported avian influenza outbreaks among backyard birds in two governorates, according to recent updates that appeared on the Egypt-based Strengthening Avian Influenza Detection and Response (SAIDR) Web site. SAIDR, a project funded by the US Agency for International Development with assistance from Johns Hopkins University, is designed to help Egypt coordinate avian flu efforts with its international partners.

One of the outbreaks, reported Dec 31, occurred in Fayoum governorate in central Egypt, where the virus struck 36 birds, including chickens, geese, and ducks that had been vaccinated in August 2008. The other outbreak, reported on Jan 9, occurred in Menofia governorate in northern Egypt, where the virus hit 34 previously vaccinated chickens and ducks.

The H5N1 virus is endemic in Egyptian poultry. The country's last report to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) in mid-June 2008 detailed an outbreak in backyard birds in Luxor governorate.

In other developments, health officials in China said yesterday that they had found no evidence in the wake of the recent death of a 19-year-old woman from an H5N1 infection that the virus has mutated to allow easier human-to-human transmission, according to a Reuters report yesterday. The report did not say where the genetic analysis of the virus was done and did not list any other details about the findings.

Mao Qunan, a health ministry spokesman, relayed the expert assessment to reporters at a news conference. He reminded the public to protect themselves from the virus but said they "should not have unnecessary fears," Reuters reported.
-
<cite cite="http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/influenza/avianflu/news/jan1309egypt-br.html">CIDRAP >> Egyptian child has H5N1 infection</cite>
 
Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

Re: Egypt - Human - H5N1 Confirmed / Suspected - December 15, 2008 +

The stability of the health situation of the girl child infected with bird flu



Sana Mustafa wrote *: ‬ stabilized the situation of the affected No. * ‬ 52 * ‬ Bannaglonza of bird names for the girl child from the town of Muhammad Salah Krdasp of the province, the sixth of October, which is * ‬ * ‬ hospital treatment of the Tamiflu drug *. ‬ had been infected with bird flu, the result of exposure to dead chickens in her home * ‬ *. ‬كما قامت ادارة الطب الوقائي* ‬بالوز

ارة*. ‬ and Preventive Medicine Department of the Ministry * ‬ *. ‬وأكد الدكتور حاتم ا

لجبلي* ‬وزير الصحة باجراء مسح لعينات من حلق أم الطفلة المصابة للتأكد من اصابتها بالفيروس من عدمه*.‬ وجاءت نتائج التحاليل لباقي* ‬اسرة الطفلة سلبية خالية من انفلونزا الطيور*. ‬,

Dr. Hatem el-Gabali * ‬ Minister of Health survey samples of the patient or hours to make sure whether or not infected with the virus *. ‬ The results of tests for the rest of the family of the girl child * ‬ negative free of bird flu


*. ‬صرح الدكتور عبدالرحمن شاهين المتحدث الرسمي* ‬للوزارة بان عدد الاصابات* ‬يفيروس انفلونزا الطيور منذ ظهور المرض بالبلاد بلغت* ‬52* ‬حالة توفي* ‬منهم* ‬23* ‬حالة بسبب عدم سرعة الابلاغ* ‬عن الإصابة بالفيروس في* ‬وقت حدوثها*.‬ كما تقرر استمرار توفير عقار التاميفلو في* ‬جميع مستشفيات الحميات والامراض الصدرية ومراكز الرعاية الصحية الاولية لسرعة اسعاف الحالات المصابة وعدم تدهور المريض*.‬ كما تقرر تطعيم جميع الطيور ضد فيروس الانفلونزا من خلال مديريات الشئون البيطرية بالمحافظات،* ‬وتقوم ادارة الطب الوقائي* ‬بتنظيم حملات علي* ‬المنازل بالقري* ‬في* ‬المحافظات والمناطق النائية والعشوائية بالاشتراك مع ادارات الحكم المحلي* ‬لإزالة العشش واماكن تربية الطيور القريبة من منازل المواطنين*.‬ ‬,

said Dr. Abdel Rahman Shahin, spokesman for the Ministry of * ‬ that the number of casualties * ‬ Iveros emergence of bird flu since the disease hit the country's * ‬ 52 * ‬ case of them died * ‬ * ‬ 23 * ‬ the case because of the lack of prompt reporting * ‬ on HIV * ‬ in real time *. ‬ also decided to maintain the provision of Tamiflu, a drug in all hospitals * ‬ fever, respiratory infections and primary health care centers to speed aid and non-infected cases, the deterioration of the patient *. ‬ also decided to vaccinate all poultry against the influenza virus by veterinary departments in governorates, * ‬ The Department of Preventive Medicine * ‬ organizing campaigns * ‬ * ‬ houses in the villages * ‬ provinces and remote areas and slums in partnership with local government departments * ‬ to remove the nests and breeding places of birds close to the homes of citizens *.


http://www.alwafd.org/details.aspx?nid=9969
 
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