tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Int Immunopharmacol. 2014 Jan 13. pii: S1567-5769(13)00508-0. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.12.019. [Epub ahead of print]
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench modulates human T-cell cytokine response.
Fonseca FN1, Papanicolaou G2, Lin H3, Lau CB4, Kennelly EJ5, Cassileth BR1, Cunningham-Rundles S6.
Author information
Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify the course of influenza infection in a mouse model, and to assess potential immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. This EchNWA extract was obtained from fresh aerial parts extracted with water, followed by ethanolic precipitation, and size-exclusion chromatography. The chemical profile of EchNWA was characterized by chromatography (size-exclusion, HPLC, GC-MS), and small molecule fingerprint analysis was performed by HPLC-PDA. Jurkat T-cells at high and low cell density were pretreated or not for 40min with doses of EchNWA, followed by activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA+I). Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) cytokine secretion were measured by multi-cytokine bead immunoassay and assessed by Luminex technology. Expression of CD25 on T-cells was measured by flow cytometry. Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds primarily cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. T-cell cytokine production was absent without stimulation and was much less after PMA+I activation in high-density compared to low-density conditions. EchNWA mediated a strong dose-dependent enhancement of high-density T-cell production of IL-2 and IFN-γ response to PMA+I. EchNWA alone did not stimulate T-cells. EchNWA enhanced mean fluorescence intensity of IL-2 response in Jurkat T-cells activated by PMA+1 or ionomycin alone. Conversely EchNWA mediated slight but significant suppression of T-cell production of IFN-γ and reduced the percentage of CD25+ T-cells under low-density conditions. Conclusions are that polysaccharides in the EchNWA extract, but not phenolic compounds cause dose-related adjuvant effects on human T-cell cytokine responses characterized by enhancing and suppressing the effects that were regulated by T-cell density.
Copyright ? 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
CD25, Chemical profile, Cytokine response, Echinacea, Human T-cells, Immune modulation, Immunomodulating dose effects, Interferon gamma, Interleukin-2, Multi-cytokine bead immunoassay, Neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract, Phenolic compounds, Polysaccharides, Small molecule fingerprint-analysis, T-cell density
PMID:
24434371
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24434371
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench modulates human T-cell cytokine response.
Fonseca FN1, Papanicolaou G2, Lin H3, Lau CB4, Kennelly EJ5, Cassileth BR1, Cunningham-Rundles S6.
Author information
Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the composition of a neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EchNWA) previously shown to modify the course of influenza infection in a mouse model, and to assess potential immunomodulatory effects on human T-cells. This EchNWA extract was obtained from fresh aerial parts extracted with water, followed by ethanolic precipitation, and size-exclusion chromatography. The chemical profile of EchNWA was characterized by chromatography (size-exclusion, HPLC, GC-MS), and small molecule fingerprint analysis was performed by HPLC-PDA. Jurkat T-cells at high and low cell density were pretreated or not for 40min with doses of EchNWA, followed by activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA+I). Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) cytokine secretion were measured by multi-cytokine bead immunoassay and assessed by Luminex technology. Expression of CD25 on T-cells was measured by flow cytometry. Results showed that EchNWA contains 80% polysaccharides, predominantly a 10kDa entity; phenolic compounds primarily cynarin, cichoric and caftaric acids, but no detectable alkylamides. T-cell cytokine production was absent without stimulation and was much less after PMA+I activation in high-density compared to low-density conditions. EchNWA mediated a strong dose-dependent enhancement of high-density T-cell production of IL-2 and IFN-γ response to PMA+I. EchNWA alone did not stimulate T-cells. EchNWA enhanced mean fluorescence intensity of IL-2 response in Jurkat T-cells activated by PMA+1 or ionomycin alone. Conversely EchNWA mediated slight but significant suppression of T-cell production of IFN-γ and reduced the percentage of CD25+ T-cells under low-density conditions. Conclusions are that polysaccharides in the EchNWA extract, but not phenolic compounds cause dose-related adjuvant effects on human T-cell cytokine responses characterized by enhancing and suppressing the effects that were regulated by T-cell density.
Copyright ? 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
CD25, Chemical profile, Cytokine response, Echinacea, Human T-cells, Immune modulation, Immunomodulating dose effects, Interferon gamma, Interleukin-2, Multi-cytokine bead immunoassay, Neutral and weakly acidic water-soluble extract, Phenolic compounds, Polysaccharides, Small molecule fingerprint-analysis, T-cell density
PMID:
24434371
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24434371