tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Diseases
. 2022 Nov 7;10(4):100.
doi: 10.3390/diseases10040100.
The Impact of Demographic, Clinical Characteristics and the Various COVID-19 Variant Types on All-Cause Mortality: A Case-Series Retrospective Study
Faryal Khamis[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Salah Al Awaidy[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Muna Ba'Omar[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Wessam Osman[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Shabnam Chhetri[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zaiyana Ambusaid[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Zakariya Al Fahdi[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Jaber Al Lawati[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Khalsa Al Sulaimi[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Salma Ali Al Bulushi[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Maher Al Bahrani[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Ibrahim Al-Zakwani[SUP] 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
(1) Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly evolved into a pandemic affecting virtually every country in the world. We evaluated the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and all-cause mortality of moderate and severe COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Oman during the different COVID-19 waves and variant types. (2) Methods: A case-series retrospective study was carried out between 12 March 2020 and 30 June 2022. All adults over the age of 18 with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled. Analyses were performed using univariate and multivariate statistics. (3) Results: A total of 1462 confirmed cases enrolled with the mean age of the cohort was 55 ± 17 years with significant differences among the groups (p = 0.006). A total of 63% and 80% of the patients were males and citizens of Oman, respectively. Patients infected with the Alpha COVID-19 variant type were more likely to have acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (p < 0.001), stay longer in the hospital (p < 0.001), and get admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (p < 0.001). At the same time, those who had the Omicron COVID-19 type were more likely to have renal impairment (p < 0.001) and less likely to be associated with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) (p = 0.001) compared with other COVID-19 variant types. The Delta (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22-2.66; p = 0.003) and Omicron (aOR, 1.88; 95% CI: 1.09-3.22; p = 0.022) COVID-19 variant types were associated with higher all-cause mortality when compared to the initial COVID-19 variant. Old age (aOR, 1.05; 95% CI: 1.04-1.06; p < 0.001), the presence of respiratory disease (aOR, 1.58; 95% CI: 1.02-2.44; p = 0.04), ICU admission (aOR, 3.41; 95% CI: 2.16-5.39; p < 0.001), lower eGFR (aOR, 1.61; 95% CI: 1.17-2.23; p = 0.004), and ARDS (aOR, 5.75; 95% CI: 3.69-8.98; p < 0.001) were also associated with higher mortality while NIV requirements were associated with lower odds of dying (aOR, 0.65; 95% CI: 0.46-0.91; p = 0.012). (4) Conclusions: Alpha and Delta variants were associated with a longer hospital stay, need for intensive care, mechanical ventilation, and increased mortality. Old age, cardiac renal dysfunction were commonly associated with Omicron variants. Large-scale national studies to further assess the risk factors for mortality related to COVID-19 waves are warranted.
Keywords: COVID-19; Oman; SARS-CoV-2; epidemiological and clinical characteristics; mortality; outcomes.
. 2022 Nov 7;10(4):100.
doi: 10.3390/diseases10040100.
The Impact of Demographic, Clinical Characteristics and the Various COVID-19 Variant Types on All-Cause Mortality: A Case-Series Retrospective Study
Faryal Khamis[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Salah Al Awaidy[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Muna Ba'Omar[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Wessam Osman[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Shabnam Chhetri[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zaiyana Ambusaid[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Zakariya Al Fahdi[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Jaber Al Lawati[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Khalsa Al Sulaimi[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Salma Ali Al Bulushi[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Maher Al Bahrani[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Ibrahim Al-Zakwani[SUP] 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36412594
- DOI: 10.3390/diseases10040100
Abstract
(1) Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly evolved into a pandemic affecting virtually every country in the world. We evaluated the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and all-cause mortality of moderate and severe COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Oman during the different COVID-19 waves and variant types. (2) Methods: A case-series retrospective study was carried out between 12 March 2020 and 30 June 2022. All adults over the age of 18 with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled. Analyses were performed using univariate and multivariate statistics. (3) Results: A total of 1462 confirmed cases enrolled with the mean age of the cohort was 55 ± 17 years with significant differences among the groups (p = 0.006). A total of 63% and 80% of the patients were males and citizens of Oman, respectively. Patients infected with the Alpha COVID-19 variant type were more likely to have acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (p < 0.001), stay longer in the hospital (p < 0.001), and get admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (p < 0.001). At the same time, those who had the Omicron COVID-19 type were more likely to have renal impairment (p < 0.001) and less likely to be associated with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) (p = 0.001) compared with other COVID-19 variant types. The Delta (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22-2.66; p = 0.003) and Omicron (aOR, 1.88; 95% CI: 1.09-3.22; p = 0.022) COVID-19 variant types were associated with higher all-cause mortality when compared to the initial COVID-19 variant. Old age (aOR, 1.05; 95% CI: 1.04-1.06; p < 0.001), the presence of respiratory disease (aOR, 1.58; 95% CI: 1.02-2.44; p = 0.04), ICU admission (aOR, 3.41; 95% CI: 2.16-5.39; p < 0.001), lower eGFR (aOR, 1.61; 95% CI: 1.17-2.23; p = 0.004), and ARDS (aOR, 5.75; 95% CI: 3.69-8.98; p < 0.001) were also associated with higher mortality while NIV requirements were associated with lower odds of dying (aOR, 0.65; 95% CI: 0.46-0.91; p = 0.012). (4) Conclusions: Alpha and Delta variants were associated with a longer hospital stay, need for intensive care, mechanical ventilation, and increased mortality. Old age, cardiac renal dysfunction were commonly associated with Omicron variants. Large-scale national studies to further assess the risk factors for mortality related to COVID-19 waves are warranted.
Keywords: COVID-19; Oman; SARS-CoV-2; epidemiological and clinical characteristics; mortality; outcomes.