I posted excerpts of this interview earlier, but as it contains important information, I am reposting it in its entity:
Translation Google
Academician Li Lanjuan, member of the high-level expert group of the National Health and Medical Commission, was interviewed by the Metropolitan Express: The new coronavirus is afraid of alcohol intolerance to high temperature. At present, the mortality rate is lower than that of H7N9.
Metropolis Express
2020-01-22 15:49:27
At 2 am on January 22, Academician Li Lanjuan, a member of the high-level expert group of the National Health Commission and a well-known infectious disease expert in China, rushed back from Beijing to Hangzhou overnight. He appeared in the outpatient clinic on time at 8 am to see the patient.
At noon today, after Academician Li Lanjuan's outpatient clinic was over, he kept on to prevent and control the pneumonia epidemic of new coronavirus infection, and he was interviewed by the Metropolis Express and Zhejiang Medical Online reporters.
Reporter: Academician Li is good! You were still in Beijing last night. You flew back to Hangzhou this morning and you were in the clinic again in the morning. Just came out to interview us again. Thank you so much!
Academician Li Lanjuan: Entrusted by the State Council and the National Health and Health Commission, Academician Zhongnanshan and I went to Wuhan on January 18 to listen to a report on the situation in Wuhan and inspect the scene.
Our task is to study and judge the epidemic situation, and the situation has been reported to the National Health Commission and the State Council. The executive meeting of the State Council heard the reports of our two experts.
Through this inspection, I think there are several points:
First, I think this outbreak is for Wuhan and our country for the discovery of new viruses. When more feverish patients are found, we are more vigilant. The Wuhan City Center for Disease Control and Prevention first detected all the viruses and also tested the virus Tested and found coronavirus. This is very important credit. It was later identified by the country as a new coronavirus. It can be found in time as a new type of coronavirus, which has made great contributions to the entire society and the world.
Second, where did this coronavirus originate? They quickly locked up the Wuhan South China Seafood Market, where not only seafood, but also wild animals. A large number of early patients are related to going to the seafood market. So Wuhan quickly closed the seafood market, and this measure was also relatively fast. Of course, although it was found to be closed, after all, it has been transmitted there for some time, so there are more patients in this area of Wuhan. There are also many patients in the Wuhan Infectious Diseases Hospital and designated hospitals. At the same time, infections by medical staff and the development of the entire course of the disease were also found. After observation, the previous few days were general pneumonia, and even the first few days did not have a fever. Some The patient's condition worsened by the tenth day, and there were a few severe patients. Still watching. A small number of medical staff infections were also found.
After we went there, we determined that: first, there is a case of person-to-person transmission, which needs to be highly valued and easy to spread. We believe that people in Wuhan should not go out as far as possible, people outside should not go to Wuhan, control the epidemic in Wuhan, and try not to spread it to the whole country. This is what we think is the best control method. Of course, many people have left Wuhan, and it is not impossible to leave Wuhan, but at least patients with fever cannot leave Wuhan.
We went to Wuhan and identified and suggested that this is a Class B infectious disease and should be managed as a Class A infectious disease. So the State Council quickly made a decision to manage the disease in accordance with Category A infectious diseases. This is a very important decision of the country, and it is very important for positioning the epidemic.
Everyone must report truthfully, and cannot conceal, the order of the State Council. Now that you see scattered and exporting patients all over the country, I don't think it's surprising that our country has such clear regulations and suspicious and suspected ones have been reported.
According to the situation after we went to the local area, we found that a large number of patients from all over the country are related to Wuhan, and we must strengthen prevention and control of Wuhan. The National Health and Medical Commission also dispatched medical teams, expert groups, and management personnel to help Wuhan strengthen the epidemic prevention and control.
After the teleconference, people all over the country have increased their temperature measurement and medical observation. Especially during the Spring Festival, everyone is going to go home to celebrate the New Year. When the population is flowing, it is easy to cause transmission. At this time, it was decided through the executive meeting of the State Council that all provinces attach great importance to controlling the epidemic. We hope that the provinces will increase the observation of lost patients.
We propose four early: early detection, early diagnosis, early isolation, and early treatment, so as to prevent patients from spreading to the second and third generations, leading to the spread of the disease.
I think infectious diseases are objective and natural laws. After SARS in 2003, subsequent H1N1 and H7N9, including foreign Ebola and MERS viruses, continued to mutate and combine, which may continue to produce new infectious diseases. This is not surprising. After it happened, we should attach great importance to it and control it as much as possible. As an infectious disease expert, I made it very clear that the main reason was to find the source of infection, control the source of infection, timely treatment, and prevent and control.
Now that our country has passed SARS, the prevention and control systems in various places have been relatively perfect, and they have very good disease control. Each hospital has an infectious disease department and a fever clinic. Through this line of defense, fever patients, especially viruses It is very important for infected people to find out, isolate and treat early.
In this piece, we feel that when everyone is about to celebrate the New Year, remember that you have a fever and feel uncomfortable, try to go to the hospital to see a hot clinic, check if it is flu or other problems, and you can also treat it well. If there is a contact history of relevant personnel from Wuhan, more attention should be paid to testing for better treatment.
Reporter: For patients with pneumonia infected by the new coronavirus, is there a specific medicine for treatment?
Academician Li Lanjuan: At present, there are no specific antiviral drugs. The treatment is mainly symptomatic treatment, giving patients a certain amount of nutrition, a certain rest, and symptomatic treatment, including the patient's water and electrolyte testing, because these patients are often prone to hypoxemia after illness. It is pneumonia, so to supplement it with oxygen and so on, the National Health and Medical Commission has already issued a guideline for clinical treatment.
Reporter: How to treat severe patients?
Academician Li Lanjuan: For critically ill patients, we have a good experience in H7N9, called the fourth antibody and second balance. The first is antiviral therapy, the second is antishock therapy, the third is antihypoxemia and multiple organ failure, and the fourth is anti-secondary infection. There are two more balances. The first balance is to maintain the balance of water, electrolyte, acid and base. The second is the microecological balance. After virus infection, there is often a microecological imbalance that leads to secondary infection of bacteria. Therefore, the microecological balance can reduce secondary infections. Therefore, this set of schemes and methods is very effective in the treatment of severe patients with new coronavirus infection.
Reporter: Compared with the H7N9 avian influenza virus of the year, which is newer coronavirus, which one is more serious after it has developed into a severe disease? What's the difference?
Academician Li Lanjuan: The severe incidence of H7N9 is higher than that of pneumonia infected by the new coronavirus. The early incidence of severe illness of H7N9 is between 40% and 50%, which is very high. Of course, after we had a rescue, we also reduced it to a dozen percent, which dropped sharply. There was still such a high mortality rate.
At this outbreak, the number of people who have become ill is already quite large, but the number of deaths is still relatively small. Of course, it is estimated that the number of critically ill patients will increase in the later stage. We need to step up efforts to improve treatment. Look, its mortality rate is lower than H7N9.
Reporter asked: How long is the incubation period of the new coronavirus? After a person is infected, what other symptoms do they have besides fever? How to judge if it belongs to a new type of coronavirus?
Academician Li Lanjuan: When coronavirus is in SARS, the incubation period is up to 14 days. This time, according to the current patient statistics, it is estimated to be within 10 days.
However, this new type of coronavirus infection has great differences among different people after infection. Some patients have a relatively long incubation period after infection, and they develop onset in two or three days. The longest is 10 days. We estimate the incubation period to be slightly longer and set it to 14 days.
The reporter asked: Is it contagious during the incubation period?
Academician Li Lanjuan: The incubation period may now also be contagious, so this point needs to be taken very seriously, because now I also understand the situation of some patients, the patients themselves do not have fever, and those who have contacted him in the early stage have fever. People may also have infections and fevers later.
The reporter asked: How can I detect if I have been infected with a new coronavirus?
Academician Li Lanjuan: The new type of coronavirus is a new infectious disease. Compared with other coronaviruses, the most important thing is the detection of pathogens. We now have high means. In the past, when we were in SARS, our own coronavirus I do n’t know what the pathogen is, and finally they were tested by Hong Kong and Canada in our country and it was determined to be coronavirus. But this time we identified the coronavirus in a short period of time, but the genetic sequence of the coronavirus was not completely consistent with the original SARS and MERS coronavirus sequences, so we call it a new coronavirus .
After the discovery, our China responded quickly this time. Once the coronavirus was confirmed and the sequence was made, the detection reagents were soon researched. Without detection reagents, medical staff ca n’t confirm whether the virus is coronavirus, but now we already have detection reagents and distributed them across the country. Now we can test with a special reagent to determine whether the infection is a new type of coronavirus infection, so this is also It is a very important manifestation of the improvement of our scientific and technological capabilities.
Reporter asked: How long does it take for the test reagent to reach the final result with the detection reagent?
Academician Li Lanjuan: It's faster now, about two or three hours, but there are different methods, nucleic acid detection methods, and sequencing methods. We have several patients diagnosed. One is the detection of nucleic acid, and then sequencing. Finally, several departments need to identify and jointly diagnose, so as not to cause misdiagnosis.
Reporter: New Year's Eve is coming soon. What should people pay attention to when they eat Chinese New Year's Eve or have a dinner during the Spring Festival?
Academician Li Lanjuan: During the Chinese New Year, there are many dinners for the citizens. It is recommended that everyone not eat game. We encourage everyone to ban wildlife trading and protect wildlife. After all, this new type of coronavirus is a mammalian infection, so for mammals, we hope that everyone will cook the meat a bit and avoid eating raw meat.
There are already patients with the new type of coronavirus, and the contacts are doing medical observation. The whole society is still safe. Don't be nervous about this. I always think so and don't panic.
The most important thing is our disease control department and the medical staff of our medical and health institutions. They are hard working and waiting for the patients. I often tell the news media that you have to sympathize with our medical staff. They are really fighting on the front line and working hard to protect the health of the people. They should respect the medical staff, so I heard that there were injuries. Stop it resolutely.
Reporter: Is oseltamivir useful for this new coronavirus?
Academician Li Lanjuan: Oseltamivir is effective against general influenza viruses, but it is estimated that this coronavirus will not show any effect.
Reporter: Previously, the transmission characteristics from person to person were suggested. Can you give a reminder to the citizens' daily prevention?
Academician Li Lanjuan: Because this is a new disease, we have not done in-depth research, but according to theoretical experience, this is an infectious disease of the respiratory tract. This is relatively clear. Therefore, the transmission through the respiratory tract is relatively certain. It is mainly caused by inflammation in the lungs. After pneumonia, the virus must first reproduce in the lungs and spread through the respiratory tract and saliva. Of course, we are still researching the spread of feces and blood. This work is still being studied.
Respiratory transmission must exist, and washing your hands is also a matter of hygiene.
When there are a lot of people, wear a mask, usually in places where there are few people, it is not necessary for everyone to wear a mask, but you need to strengthen protection when you go to a place where people gather in public places, or go to the hospital for fever clinics.
Reporter: What are the characteristics of the new coronavirus? What measures can fight the virus?
Academician Li Lanjuan : Generally speaking, there are more cases of infection in Wuhan. Although there are several cases and dozens of cases in each province, they are relatively few because they are in such a large environment.
The virus itself is not resistant to the outside world. Coronaviruses died at 56 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes. This is based on previous experience with coronavirus. In ether, 75% ethanol, chlorine-containing disinfectant, and peracetic acid, these solvents can effectively inactivate the virus.
When the weather is good, the citizens are always good at drying the clothes at home, keeping ventilation, ventilation and air circulation. The virus itself is not too resistant and can be easily destroyed.
Reporter: Just now you mentioned that high temperatures can kill the virus. Can citizens turn on heating or air conditioning at home to prevent it effectively?
Academician Li Lanjuan: Heating and air conditioning can't kill the virus, it needs 56 degrees Celsius.
Reporter: For ordinary people, what disinfection methods can be carried out at home?
Academician Li Lanjuan: As usual in the family, we now advocate that the tableware should be disinfected regularly by a disinfection machine, or boil it and boil it to 100 ? C, and other viruses have also been killed. Therefore, we should eat cooked food instead of raw food. Wash your hands before and after meals. This is some of the hygiene knowledge we have to master every day. I hope we can do it well.
Reporter: Medical alcohol disinfects cotton pads and wipes mobile phones and hands. Is this useful?
Academician Li Lanjuan: 75% of alcohol can kill the virus, so if you buy these things, you need to regularly disinfect them in places that you often come into contact with daily.
Reporter: Can you tell us about the course of development of patients infected with the new coronavirus? Are most patients mild or severe?
Academician Li Lanjuan: Because this is a new infectious disease, we are still doing clinical observation. According to what we know now, different people have different conditions, and the course of development is also different. In general, there is a fever and mild dry cough after the infection, not a lot of sputum, and then a shadow in the lungs.
Generally, the lung shadow of most patients will be treated after treatment. The nucleic acid test is negative for 2 times, and they can be discharged. A few people will be hypoxic, hypoxemia, and even respiratory failure to be rescued, but this is a minority. . There are also very few patients who are more ill and have respiratory failure within two or three days, becoming severe.
So overall, most patients are mild and moderate. What is the proportion of severity? We have not done detailed statistics on this matter, and we need a certain number of patients to calculate the results.
Reporter: Who are the susceptible people for this new type of coronavirus?
Academician Li Lanjuan: All people are susceptible. The elderly, those with low immune function, and those with chronic diseases are more susceptible to infection or become more severe. Therefore, those with poor immune function, the elderly, etc. should pay more attention to protection.
Reporter: Do ordinary people need to bring goggles? Does the virus spread through the mucosa?
Academician Li Lanjuan: Medical personnel are in face-to-face contact with patients. It is necessary to strengthen protection. Ordinary people are not necessary outside.
Reporter: H7N9 was not warmed until May, but the epidemic situation slowly came down. What do you think of the new coronavirus infection, what is its future development trend?
Academician Li Lanjuan: When the weather is hot in May and June, the virus is likely to decrease, and virus infections are likely to occur around the Spring Festival and winter and spring. This is also an objective law in nature. Well, because it is a new infectious disease, we have already taken better measures.
Now we are experiencing a large population movement during the Spring Festival, so the number of cases may increase. The key point is, do not go in or out of Wuhan. In addition, once there is a fever clinic in all parts of the country, all fever patients will be tested, and they will be isolated, so I believe that I can control it.
At the time of SARS, we had 4 imported patients in Zhejiang. I isolated all the people I contacted, and then I told the whole society that you can rest assured that we don't have SARS coronavirus outside of us and don't make everyone risk themselves.
Reporter: The virus will mutate. There is a process of development and development. What stage is it in now?
Academician Li Lanjuan: There is a process for the development of infectious diseases. From infection to development and recovery, every infected person has such a process. At present, the newly discovered virus has not been studied for more than twenty days from the 1st to the present.
Reporter: Will the virus mutate in the later period?
Academician Li Lanjuan: Of course it will mutate. The virus is constantly mutating. This newly infected virus is also the result of the mutation of the virus. It will change again in the future, and the change will be permanent.
Reporter: Will the virus mutate more severely?
Academician Li Lanjuan: It may become more powerful, or it may become lighter. Both of these may have both. We need to continue to observe the changes of the virus.
Reporter: Academician Zhong Nanshan mentioned that the most feared is a "super communicator". How do you define a super communicator?
Academician Li Lanjuan: The so-called super communication is an artificial definition. When SARS happened, one person was infected and ran to Beijing. As a result, one person infected dozens of people. MERS infected more than 100 people in South Korea after a single infection. A person has spread a lot of people after a virus infection. Experts named him a "super spreader", so we still need to pay attention to this aspect. At present, we are closely monitoring all fever patients to prevent "super spreaders". "Appears.
Reporter: The most important thing is observation isolation. How long does it take for observation to be released?
Academician Li Lanjuan: I just talked about the incubation period and the observation time. Now it is generally prescribed that it is one week to ten days. Our longest 14 days should say that we can lift the quarantine.
Reporter: Are there any specific drugs for new coronaviruses? Is oseltamivir commonly used against the flu useful for new coronaviruses?
Academician Li Lanjuan: Unlike our other flu viruses, there are anti-viral drugs like oseltamivir that have obvious antiviral effects. This virus has no specific medicine that directly inhibits the virus. We also have several medicines in use, including some traditional Chinese medicine. However, this requires professional medical staff to decide. Ordinary people should not buy medicines themselves, and do not use medicines arbitrarily. This is after we stayed in the hospital, we should use the medicine according to the doctor's instructions, and do not abuse the medicine.
Reporter: What research teams and clinical expert groups are there to study in Wuhan?
Academician Li Lanjuan: There are still clinical experts dispatched by the state from Wuhan. Now several major hospitals in Wuhan have already treated many patients, and our country has an expert team over there.
Reporter: Yesterday, I saw that a doctor from an expert group was also infected. Are the front-line medical personnel at high risk of infection?
Academician Li Lanjuan: The new type of coronavirus is a human-to-human feature, and medical personnel are the first to be infected. Because the medical staff contacts the patient every day, but as the doctor, this is the responsibility and responsibility. So the general public must care for our medical staff.
Reporter: Even for patients who have developed into severe cases, our previous experience with the four-antibody and second-balance treatment of H7N9 can still treat them well, right?
Academician Li Lanjuan: Our four-antibody-two-balance treatment plan is also useful for the treatment of patients with severe pneumonia infected by the new coronavirus.
Reporter: How do you plan your next trip, will you still go to Wuhan or Beijing?
Academician Li Lanjuan: I have just returned from Beijing. I have personally proposed it to the country. I can lead a team to support Wuhan. In response to the epidemic, the State Council attached great importance to it. I participated in the executive meeting of the State Council and reported to Premier Li Keqiang. Vice Premier Sun Chunlan also listened to our report. The State Council also held a national conference call and I participated in it. The Ministry of Science and Technology is also setting up science and technology projects in an emergency. The medical expenses of the sick people can be reimbursed and many decisions have been made. In general, all ministries and departments across the country attach great importance to the party and the government and care for the people's health. I hope everyone has a peaceful Spring Festival.
Chief reporter Yu Qianqian Reporter Jin Jing Zhang Yuzin
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