tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Diagnostics (Basel)
. 2021 Feb 17;11(2):332.
doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11020332.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Plasma Concentration in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Observational Study
Christian Bleilevens[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Josefin Soppert[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Adrian Hoffmann[SUP] 4 5 [/SUP], Thomas Breuer[SUP] 2 [/SUP], J?rgen Bernhagen[SUP] 4 6 7 [/SUP], Lukas Martin[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Lara Stiehler[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Gernot Marx[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Michael Dreher[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Christian Stoppe[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Tim-Philipp Simon[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Mortality in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is high and pharmacological treatment strategies remain limited. Early-stage predictive biomarkers are needed to identify patients with a high risk of severe clinical courses and to stratify treatment strategies. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was previously described as a potential predictor for the outcome of critically ill patients and for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a hallmark of severe COVID-19 disease. This prospective observational study evaluates the predictive potential of MIF for the clinical outcome after severe COVID-19 infection. Plasma MIF concentrations were measured in 36 mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients over three days after intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Increased compared to decreased MIF was significantly associated with aggravated organ function and a significantly lower 28-day survival (sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score; 8.2 ? 4.5 to 14.3 ? 3, p = 0.009 vs. 8.9 ? 1.9 to 12 ? 2, p = 0.296; survival: 56% vs. 93%; p = 0.003). Arterial hypertension was the predominant comorbidity in 85% of patients with increasing MIF concentrations (vs. decreasing MIF: 39%; p = 0.015). Without reaching significance, more patients with decreasing MIF were able to improve their ARDS status (p = 0.142). The identified association between an early MIF response, aggravation of organ function and 28-day survival may open future perspectives for biomarker-based diagnostic approaches for ICU management of COVID-19 patients.
Keywords: COVID-19; Horowitz Quotient; ICU treatment; Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF); SOFA Score; acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
. 2021 Feb 17;11(2):332.
doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11020332.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Plasma Concentration in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Observational Study
Christian Bleilevens[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Josefin Soppert[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Adrian Hoffmann[SUP] 4 5 [/SUP], Thomas Breuer[SUP] 2 [/SUP], J?rgen Bernhagen[SUP] 4 6 7 [/SUP], Lukas Martin[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Lara Stiehler[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Gernot Marx[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Michael Dreher[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Christian Stoppe[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Tim-Philipp Simon[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33671433
- DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020332
Abstract
Mortality in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is high and pharmacological treatment strategies remain limited. Early-stage predictive biomarkers are needed to identify patients with a high risk of severe clinical courses and to stratify treatment strategies. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was previously described as a potential predictor for the outcome of critically ill patients and for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a hallmark of severe COVID-19 disease. This prospective observational study evaluates the predictive potential of MIF for the clinical outcome after severe COVID-19 infection. Plasma MIF concentrations were measured in 36 mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients over three days after intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Increased compared to decreased MIF was significantly associated with aggravated organ function and a significantly lower 28-day survival (sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score; 8.2 ? 4.5 to 14.3 ? 3, p = 0.009 vs. 8.9 ? 1.9 to 12 ? 2, p = 0.296; survival: 56% vs. 93%; p = 0.003). Arterial hypertension was the predominant comorbidity in 85% of patients with increasing MIF concentrations (vs. decreasing MIF: 39%; p = 0.015). Without reaching significance, more patients with decreasing MIF were able to improve their ARDS status (p = 0.142). The identified association between an early MIF response, aggravation of organ function and 28-day survival may open future perspectives for biomarker-based diagnostic approaches for ICU management of COVID-19 patients.
Keywords: COVID-19; Horowitz Quotient; ICU treatment; Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF); SOFA Score; acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).