tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Cytokine
. 2021 Jan 15;140:155438.
doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155438. Online ahead of print.
Interleukin 6, soluble interleukin 2 receptor alpha (CD25), monocyte colony-stimulating factor, and hepatocyte growth factor linked with systemic hyperinflammation, innate immunity hyperactivation, and organ damage in COVID-19 pneumonia
Luca Quartuccio[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Martina Fabris[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Arianna Sonaglia[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Maddalena Peghin[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Rossana Domenis[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Adriana Cif?[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Francesco Curcio[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Carlo Tascini[SUP] 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: Patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 can develop interstitial pneumonia, requiring hospitalisation or mechanical ventilation. Increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers are associated with development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The aim of the present study was to determine which cytokines are associated with respiratory insufficiency in patients hospitalised for COVID-19.
Patients and methods: Data on 67 consecutive patients were collected between March 8 and March 30, 2020. PaO[SUB]2[/SUB]/FiO[SUB]2[/SUB] ratio (P/F) was calculated at hospital admission. The following cytokines were analysed: interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1α, IL-18, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-β, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), soluble IL-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2Rα; CD25), IL-12β, IL-3, interferon (IFN) α2a, monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG), monocyte-chemotactic protein 3 (MCP3) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).
Results: P/F lower than 300 was recorded in 22 out of 67 patients (32.8%). P/F strongly correlated with IL-6 (r = -0.62, P < 0.0001), M-CSF (r = -0.63, P < 0.0001), sIL-2Rα (r = -0.54, P < 0.0001), and HGF (r = -0.53, P < 0.0001). ROC curve analyses for IL-6 (AUC 0.83, 95% CI 0.73-0.93, P < 0.0001), M-CSF (AUC 0.87, 95% CI 0.79-0.96, P < 0.0001), HGF (AUC 0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.93, P < 0.0001), and sIL-2Rα (AUC 0.80, 95% CI, 0.69-0.90, P < 0.0001) showed that these four soluble factors were highly significant. All four soluble factors correlated with LDH, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and CRP.
Conclusion: IL-6, M-CSF, sIL-2Rα, and HGF are possibly involved in the main biological processes of severe COVID-19, mirroring the level of systemic hyperinflammatory state, the level of lung inflammation, and the severity of organ damage.
Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; Hepatocyte growth factor; Interleukin 2; Interleukin 6; M-CSF; Pneumonia.
. 2021 Jan 15;140:155438.
doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155438. Online ahead of print.
Interleukin 6, soluble interleukin 2 receptor alpha (CD25), monocyte colony-stimulating factor, and hepatocyte growth factor linked with systemic hyperinflammation, innate immunity hyperactivation, and organ damage in COVID-19 pneumonia
Luca Quartuccio[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Martina Fabris[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Arianna Sonaglia[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Maddalena Peghin[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Rossana Domenis[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Adriana Cif?[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Francesco Curcio[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Carlo Tascini[SUP] 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33493861
- DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155438
Abstract
Background: Patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 can develop interstitial pneumonia, requiring hospitalisation or mechanical ventilation. Increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers are associated with development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The aim of the present study was to determine which cytokines are associated with respiratory insufficiency in patients hospitalised for COVID-19.
Patients and methods: Data on 67 consecutive patients were collected between March 8 and March 30, 2020. PaO[SUB]2[/SUB]/FiO[SUB]2[/SUB] ratio (P/F) was calculated at hospital admission. The following cytokines were analysed: interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1α, IL-18, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-β, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), soluble IL-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2Rα; CD25), IL-12β, IL-3, interferon (IFN) α2a, monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG), monocyte-chemotactic protein 3 (MCP3) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).
Results: P/F lower than 300 was recorded in 22 out of 67 patients (32.8%). P/F strongly correlated with IL-6 (r = -0.62, P < 0.0001), M-CSF (r = -0.63, P < 0.0001), sIL-2Rα (r = -0.54, P < 0.0001), and HGF (r = -0.53, P < 0.0001). ROC curve analyses for IL-6 (AUC 0.83, 95% CI 0.73-0.93, P < 0.0001), M-CSF (AUC 0.87, 95% CI 0.79-0.96, P < 0.0001), HGF (AUC 0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.93, P < 0.0001), and sIL-2Rα (AUC 0.80, 95% CI, 0.69-0.90, P < 0.0001) showed that these four soluble factors were highly significant. All four soluble factors correlated with LDH, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and CRP.
Conclusion: IL-6, M-CSF, sIL-2Rα, and HGF are possibly involved in the main biological processes of severe COVID-19, mirroring the level of systemic hyperinflammatory state, the level of lung inflammation, and the severity of organ damage.
Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; Hepatocyte growth factor; Interleukin 2; Interleukin 6; M-CSF; Pneumonia.