FBI
North Korean Hackers Use Secretly Recorded Webcam Library of 900+ Tech Workers in $400M “FaceStealer” Crypto Theft Scheme
Summary
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is releasing this FLASH to alert the cryptocurrency/web3 industry
and open-source software maintainers of a highly effective North Korean social engineering scheme that
the FBI calls “FaceStealer.” The FBI attributes this activity to North Korean state-sponsored hackers,
known publicly by the names Sapphire Sleet, UNC1069, Dangerous Password, CryptoCore, APT38,
BlueNoroff and Stardust Chollima. Using the FaceStealer scheme, the actors have stolen more than $400
million in cryptocurrency over the past 18 months and attempted to compromise the open-source
software supply chain. FaceStealer relies on imposter versions of popular video meetings like Zoom,
Microsoft Teams and Google Meets controlled by the hackers. Targets are lured to the fake video meetings
through invitations from genuine communication and social media accounts that were hijacked from prior
victims. The actors have hijacked accounts on platforms including Telegram, LinkedIn, Slack, and Discord.
Once a target joins a fake meeting, hackers play prerecorded webcam videos of previous victims to
simulate a legitimate video call with participants the target knows. The hackers also record the victim’s
webcam video. The hackers then introduce a mock technical error into the meeting and, while
impersonating the victim’s trusted contact, provide instructions to fix the problem. The “fix” installs
malware on the target’s computer, turning the target into the next victim. With the victim’s computer
compromised, the North Korean hackers can steal accessible cryptocurrency or exploit the victim’s
access to external infrastructure, such as an employer’s network or an open-source software maintainer’s
account. In several reported cases, the hackers stole cryptocurrency and hijacked communication
accounts, months to over a year after the initial compromise as the hackers waited for the balances of
cryptocurrency wallets to increase. The hackers also access the new victim’s contact lists, social media
and communications apps, and webcam video to target the victim’s personal and professional contacts.
The FBI has identified and seized over 900 victim webcam videos the hackers have used to convincingly
impersonate victims in follow-on attacks. The FBI recommends people working in the cryptocurrency/
web3 industry and open-source software maintainers become familiar with the details of the scheme and
follow the recommendations provided in this FLASH.
Technical Details (continued)