tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Curr Pharmacol Rep
. 2020 Aug 24;1-9.
doi: 10.1007/s40495-020-00231-8. Online ahead of print.
Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19: Potential Mechanism of Action Against SARS-CoV-2
Sairaj Satarker[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tejas Ahuja[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Madhuparna Banerjee[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Vignesh Balaji E[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shagun Dogra[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tushar Agarwal[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Madhavan Nampoothiri[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Purpose of review: The rapid spread of virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has turned out to be a global emergency. Symptoms of this viral infection, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), include mild infections of the upper respiratory tract, viral pneumonia, respiratory failure, multiple organ failure and death. Till date, no drugs have been discovered to treat COVID-19 patients, and therefore, a considerable amount of interest has been shown in repurposing the existing drugs.
Recent findings: Out of these drugs, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have demonstrated positive results indicating a potential antiviral role against SARS-CoV-2. Its mechanism of action (MOA) includes the interference in the endocytic pathway, blockade of sialic acid receptors, restriction of pH mediated spike (S) protein cleavage at the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding site and prevention of cytokine storm. Unfortunately, its adverse effects like gastrointestinal complications, retinopathy and QT interval prolongation are evident in treated COVID-19 patients. Yet, multiple clinical trials have been employed in several countries to evaluate its ability in turning into a needed drug in this pandemic.
Summary: This review attempts to summarize the MOA of CQ/HCQ and its side effects. The existing literature hints that till date, the role of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 may be sceptical, and further studies are warranted for obtaining a therapeutic option that could be effectively used across the world to rise out from this pandemic.
Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; Hydroxychloroquine; Pandemic; QT prolongation; SARS-CoV-2.
. 2020 Aug 24;1-9.
doi: 10.1007/s40495-020-00231-8. Online ahead of print.
Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19: Potential Mechanism of Action Against SARS-CoV-2
Sairaj Satarker[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tejas Ahuja[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Madhuparna Banerjee[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Vignesh Balaji E[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shagun Dogra[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tushar Agarwal[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Madhavan Nampoothiri[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 32864299
- PMCID: PMC7443392
- DOI: 10.1007/s40495-020-00231-8
Abstract
Purpose of review: The rapid spread of virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has turned out to be a global emergency. Symptoms of this viral infection, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), include mild infections of the upper respiratory tract, viral pneumonia, respiratory failure, multiple organ failure and death. Till date, no drugs have been discovered to treat COVID-19 patients, and therefore, a considerable amount of interest has been shown in repurposing the existing drugs.
Recent findings: Out of these drugs, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have demonstrated positive results indicating a potential antiviral role against SARS-CoV-2. Its mechanism of action (MOA) includes the interference in the endocytic pathway, blockade of sialic acid receptors, restriction of pH mediated spike (S) protein cleavage at the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding site and prevention of cytokine storm. Unfortunately, its adverse effects like gastrointestinal complications, retinopathy and QT interval prolongation are evident in treated COVID-19 patients. Yet, multiple clinical trials have been employed in several countries to evaluate its ability in turning into a needed drug in this pandemic.
Summary: This review attempts to summarize the MOA of CQ/HCQ and its side effects. The existing literature hints that till date, the role of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 may be sceptical, and further studies are warranted for obtaining a therapeutic option that could be effectively used across the world to rise out from this pandemic.
Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; Hydroxychloroquine; Pandemic; QT prolongation; SARS-CoV-2.