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Curr Opin Virol. Membrane ectopeptidases targeted by human coronaviruses

Giuseppe

Giuseppe

Emeritus
[Source: SciDirect, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]


Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 6, June 2014, Pages 55?60

Membrane ectopeptidases targeted by human coronaviruses

Berend Jan Bosch<SUP>1</SUP>, Saskia L Smits<SUP>2</SUP>, Bart L Haagmans<SUP>2</SUP>
<SUP></SUP>
<SUP>1</SUP> Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands <SUP>2</SUP> Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands

Available online 22 April 2014 / http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2014.03.011


Highlights

  • Three different membrane ectopeptidases act as receptors for coronaviruses.
  • Coronavirus ectopeptidase receptors are expressed on cells in the respiratory and enteric tract.
  • The catalytic activity of ACE2, APN, and DPP4 peptidases is not required for virus entry.
  • Evolutionary conservation of these receptors may permit coronavirus interspecies transmissions.
  • Binding of coronaviruses to their peptidase receptors may alter their physiological functions.
Six coronaviruses, including the recently identified Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, are known to target the human respiratory tract causing mild to severe disease. Their interaction with receptors expressed on cells located in the respiratory tract is an essential first step in the infection. Thus far three membrane ectopeptidases, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and aminopeptidase N (APN), have been identified as entry receptors for four human-infecting coronaviruses. Although the catalytic activity of the ACE2, APN, and DPP4 peptidases is not required for virus entry, co-expression of other host proteases allows efficient viral entry. In addition, evolutionary conservation of these receptors may permit interspecies transmissions. Because of the physiological function of these peptidase systems, pathogenic host responses may be potentially amplified and cause acute respiratory distress.


Copyright ? 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


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