tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Curr Opin Ophthalmol
. 2022 Sep 14.
doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000904. Online ahead of print.
Efferent neuro-ophthalmic complications of coronavirus disease 2019
Marc Dinkin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Swetha Sathi[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Purpose of review: We set out to describe efferent neuro-ophthalmological complications that have been reported in association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We describe syndromes affecting ocular motility and elaborate on mechanisms of disease, including para-infectious inflammation, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, and direct neurotropic viral invasion. Despite global vaccination programs, COVID-19 continues to pose an international threat that may rarely result in diplopia or nystagmus.
Recent findings: Efferent complications include cranial nerve palsies leading to diplopia, either isolated or in association with Miller Fisher syndrome. Nystagmus has been observed in the setting of hemorrhagic acute necrotizing encephalopathy and brainstem infarcts, and opsoclonus syndrome has been described.
Summary: Observed neuro-ophthalmic associations need to be confirmed through larger comparative studies. Meanwhile, the range of possible complications should be recognized by neurologists and ophthalmologists alike, to facilitate faster diagnosis and treatment of both COVID-19 and its neuro-ophthalmic manifestations.
. 2022 Sep 14.
doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000904. Online ahead of print.
Efferent neuro-ophthalmic complications of coronavirus disease 2019
Marc Dinkin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Swetha Sathi[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36165417
- DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000904
Abstract
Purpose of review: We set out to describe efferent neuro-ophthalmological complications that have been reported in association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We describe syndromes affecting ocular motility and elaborate on mechanisms of disease, including para-infectious inflammation, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, and direct neurotropic viral invasion. Despite global vaccination programs, COVID-19 continues to pose an international threat that may rarely result in diplopia or nystagmus.
Recent findings: Efferent complications include cranial nerve palsies leading to diplopia, either isolated or in association with Miller Fisher syndrome. Nystagmus has been observed in the setting of hemorrhagic acute necrotizing encephalopathy and brainstem infarcts, and opsoclonus syndrome has been described.
Summary: Observed neuro-ophthalmic associations need to be confirmed through larger comparative studies. Meanwhile, the range of possible complications should be recognized by neurologists and ophthalmologists alike, to facilitate faster diagnosis and treatment of both COVID-19 and its neuro-ophthalmic manifestations.