tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Cureus
. 2022 Mar 31;14(3):e23691.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.23691. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Haematological, Biochemical, and Inflammatory Biomarkers of COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Critical Unit: A Retrospective Study
Radi T Alsafi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Faisal Minshawi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ahmad Alshareef[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Essa Althobiany[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Afnan Alqurashi[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ayat Zawawi[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ahmed Qasem[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amr J Halawani[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mohammed Almatrafi[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Hassan Alwafi[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Mohammed Samannodi[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Emad Salawati[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Hamza M Assaggaf[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) responsible for a catastrophic global pandemic. The complexity of COVID-19 is centred on the unpredictable course of the disease, which can rapidly develop from patients being asymptomatic to having life-threatening symptoms. The unpredictable disease severity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been a major problem facing the healthcare system during the pandemic. Identifying the laboratory biomarkers would help predict SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. This study focused on the previous literature regarding three laboratory biomarker profiles: haematological, inflammatory, and biochemical biomarkers.
Methods: A retrospective study of COVID-19 patients was conducted between May 2020 and September 2020 to determine the predictors of hospitalization (severity) in COVID-19 patients. Patients were divided into two groups: those admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU, severe) and those admitted to a non-ICU (stable). Patients' data were obtained from their medical records at Al Noor Specialist Hospital and East Arafat Hospital in Saudi Arabia.
Results: A total of 487 patients with COVID-19, including 304 males and 183 females, were investigated in this study. A total of 217 patients were admitted to the ICU. Patients admitted to the ICU had a higher prevalence of chronic comorbidities than non-ICU patients. D-dimer, white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were more elevated in patients admitted to the ICU compared to non-ICU patients.
Conclusion: Chronic comorbidities are a significant predictor for admission to the ICU. Moreover, tests for D-dimer, WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, CRP, LDH, and ALT could be used to predict patients' admission to the ICU.
Keywords: chronic comorbidities; covid-19; icu; inflammatory biomarkers; sars-cov-2.
. 2022 Mar 31;14(3):e23691.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.23691. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Haematological, Biochemical, and Inflammatory Biomarkers of COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Critical Unit: A Retrospective Study
Radi T Alsafi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Faisal Minshawi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ahmad Alshareef[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Essa Althobiany[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Afnan Alqurashi[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ayat Zawawi[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ahmed Qasem[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amr J Halawani[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mohammed Almatrafi[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Hassan Alwafi[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Mohammed Samannodi[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Emad Salawati[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Hamza M Assaggaf[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35510030
- PMCID: PMC9060743
- DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23691
Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) responsible for a catastrophic global pandemic. The complexity of COVID-19 is centred on the unpredictable course of the disease, which can rapidly develop from patients being asymptomatic to having life-threatening symptoms. The unpredictable disease severity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been a major problem facing the healthcare system during the pandemic. Identifying the laboratory biomarkers would help predict SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. This study focused on the previous literature regarding three laboratory biomarker profiles: haematological, inflammatory, and biochemical biomarkers.
Methods: A retrospective study of COVID-19 patients was conducted between May 2020 and September 2020 to determine the predictors of hospitalization (severity) in COVID-19 patients. Patients were divided into two groups: those admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU, severe) and those admitted to a non-ICU (stable). Patients' data were obtained from their medical records at Al Noor Specialist Hospital and East Arafat Hospital in Saudi Arabia.
Results: A total of 487 patients with COVID-19, including 304 males and 183 females, were investigated in this study. A total of 217 patients were admitted to the ICU. Patients admitted to the ICU had a higher prevalence of chronic comorbidities than non-ICU patients. D-dimer, white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were more elevated in patients admitted to the ICU compared to non-ICU patients.
Conclusion: Chronic comorbidities are a significant predictor for admission to the ICU. Moreover, tests for D-dimer, WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, CRP, LDH, and ALT could be used to predict patients' admission to the ICU.
Keywords: chronic comorbidities; covid-19; icu; inflammatory biomarkers; sars-cov-2.