tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Cureus
. 2022 Nov 27;14(11):e31933.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.31933. eCollection 2022 Nov.
A Review of Long COVID With a Special Focus on Its Cardiovascular Manifestations
Elamein Yousif[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sarah Premraj[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has been the cause of the century's worst pandemic so far: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has led to unprecedented mortality and morbidity, resulting in devastating consequences worldwide. The acute manifestations of COVID-19 including respiratory as well as multisystem involvement have been causes of great concern among physicians. However, the long-term effects of the coronavirus have left many patients battling with chronic symptoms, ranging from extreme fatigue to cardiomyopathy. In this article, we review the chronic manifestations of COVID-19 with a focus on cardiovascular manifestations. We discuss the pathophysiology, post-acute sequelae, clinical manifestations, approach to the laboratory diagnosis of cardiovascular manifestations of long COVID, and a proposed multidisciplinary treatment method. We also explore the relationship between vaccination and the long COVID syndrome.
Keywords: cardio vascular disease; covid-19; long term sequelae; long-covid; post-acute sequelae of covid-19.
. 2022 Nov 27;14(11):e31933.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.31933. eCollection 2022 Nov.
A Review of Long COVID With a Special Focus on Its Cardiovascular Manifestations
Elamein Yousif[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sarah Premraj[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36582565
- PMCID: PMC9793803
- DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31933
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has been the cause of the century's worst pandemic so far: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has led to unprecedented mortality and morbidity, resulting in devastating consequences worldwide. The acute manifestations of COVID-19 including respiratory as well as multisystem involvement have been causes of great concern among physicians. However, the long-term effects of the coronavirus have left many patients battling with chronic symptoms, ranging from extreme fatigue to cardiomyopathy. In this article, we review the chronic manifestations of COVID-19 with a focus on cardiovascular manifestations. We discuss the pathophysiology, post-acute sequelae, clinical manifestations, approach to the laboratory diagnosis of cardiovascular manifestations of long COVID, and a proposed multidisciplinary treatment method. We also explore the relationship between vaccination and the long COVID syndrome.
Keywords: cardio vascular disease; covid-19; long term sequelae; long-covid; post-acute sequelae of covid-19.