tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Cureus
. 2021 Jul 22;13(7):e16554.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.16554. eCollection 2021 Jul.
A Retrospective Observational Study: Is Absolute Lymphocyte Count a Prognostic Marker in COVID-19?
Mansoor Zafar[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Muhammad Shahbaz[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mangala Karkhanis[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mohamed Abdelbagi[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Opeyemi A Makanjuola[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Bipin Pun[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ratan S Randhawa[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Frederic Cuison[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Dana Safarova[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Oluwamayowa Ojofeitimi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Kamal Lawrence[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mariya Farooq[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Reem Eldebri[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Saba Alam[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Lucinda Barry[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Alisha Khanna[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Karuna Subba[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Amr Elyasaky[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Hesam A Nooredinvand[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Manivannan Periasamy[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Bolurin A Adekunle[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Zahra Maryam[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Bao Khuu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Johannes Hegner[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Andreia Esteves Morete[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Mirej Patel[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Gjulio Ciroi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ubaid Ur Rehman[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Jabeen Hsiao[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Maaryah J Zafar[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Nadiyah Zafar[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Bianca A Lazau[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Najam-Us-Saher Rizvi[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Steve Moran[SUP] 16 [/SUP], William A O'Neill[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Viktoriya Clarke[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Stefano Berliti[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Athanasios Nakos[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Tila Muhammad[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Osei Kankam[SUP] 19 [/SUP], Mark Whitehead[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Ellie M Giddings[SUP] 19 [/SUP], Simon Merritt[SUP] 19 [/SUP], Umesh Dashora[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Aim Our study aimed to find a correlation between low absolute lymphocyte count and COVID-19-related mortality. Methods This study followed a retrospective observational cohort design to analyze the data of patients who presented with symptoms and signs of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), at the Conquest Hospital and Eastbourne District General Hospital in East Sussex, United Kingdom, between February 10, 2020 and May 1, 2020, retrospectively. Survival and mortality for the first 30 days and comorbidities were analyzed for all patients who were tested for COVID-19 irrespective of swab results and had blood lymphocyte levels taken at the time of their visit to the ED and their data were analyzed for statistical significance. Results A total of 1226 patients had SARS-CoV-2 RNA identification swabs taken between February 10, 2020 and May 1, 2020. A cohort of 742 patients of these patients tested for COVID-19 also had blood lymphocyte levels measured. Overall, the lymphocyte count did not differ significantly between patients suspected to have COVID-19 infection with either positive or negative COVID-19 swab results. The lymphocyte count, however, was significantly lower in those who died from COVID-19 (p < 0.001) but when comorbidities were analyzed, we found an association between an increased number of comorbidities and a significantly decreased lymphocyte count. Conclusion Once adjusted for comorbidities, the lymphocyte count had no association with COVID-19 infection and mortality.
Keywords: alcohol-related liver disease; copd: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; covid-19; firth logistic regression models for mortality; lasso model; lymphocyte count; restricted cubic splines; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2); stata version 16 (statacorp texas); treat as positive (tap).
. 2021 Jul 22;13(7):e16554.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.16554. eCollection 2021 Jul.
A Retrospective Observational Study: Is Absolute Lymphocyte Count a Prognostic Marker in COVID-19?
Mansoor Zafar[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Muhammad Shahbaz[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mangala Karkhanis[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mohamed Abdelbagi[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Opeyemi A Makanjuola[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Bipin Pun[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ratan S Randhawa[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Frederic Cuison[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Dana Safarova[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Oluwamayowa Ojofeitimi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Kamal Lawrence[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mariya Farooq[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Reem Eldebri[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Saba Alam[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Lucinda Barry[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Alisha Khanna[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Karuna Subba[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Amr Elyasaky[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Hesam A Nooredinvand[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Manivannan Periasamy[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Bolurin A Adekunle[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Zahra Maryam[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Bao Khuu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Johannes Hegner[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Andreia Esteves Morete[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Mirej Patel[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Gjulio Ciroi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ubaid Ur Rehman[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Jabeen Hsiao[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Maaryah J Zafar[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Nadiyah Zafar[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Bianca A Lazau[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Najam-Us-Saher Rizvi[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Steve Moran[SUP] 16 [/SUP], William A O'Neill[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Viktoriya Clarke[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Stefano Berliti[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Athanasios Nakos[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Tila Muhammad[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Osei Kankam[SUP] 19 [/SUP], Mark Whitehead[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Ellie M Giddings[SUP] 19 [/SUP], Simon Merritt[SUP] 19 [/SUP], Umesh Dashora[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34327110
- PMCID: PMC8301268
- DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16554
Abstract
Aim Our study aimed to find a correlation between low absolute lymphocyte count and COVID-19-related mortality. Methods This study followed a retrospective observational cohort design to analyze the data of patients who presented with symptoms and signs of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), at the Conquest Hospital and Eastbourne District General Hospital in East Sussex, United Kingdom, between February 10, 2020 and May 1, 2020, retrospectively. Survival and mortality for the first 30 days and comorbidities were analyzed for all patients who were tested for COVID-19 irrespective of swab results and had blood lymphocyte levels taken at the time of their visit to the ED and their data were analyzed for statistical significance. Results A total of 1226 patients had SARS-CoV-2 RNA identification swabs taken between February 10, 2020 and May 1, 2020. A cohort of 742 patients of these patients tested for COVID-19 also had blood lymphocyte levels measured. Overall, the lymphocyte count did not differ significantly between patients suspected to have COVID-19 infection with either positive or negative COVID-19 swab results. The lymphocyte count, however, was significantly lower in those who died from COVID-19 (p < 0.001) but when comorbidities were analyzed, we found an association between an increased number of comorbidities and a significantly decreased lymphocyte count. Conclusion Once adjusted for comorbidities, the lymphocyte count had no association with COVID-19 infection and mortality.
Keywords: alcohol-related liver disease; copd: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; covid-19; firth logistic regression models for mortality; lasso model; lymphocyte count; restricted cubic splines; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2); stata version 16 (statacorp texas); treat as positive (tap).