tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol. 2019 Mar 29;10:646. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00646. eCollection 2019.
[h=1]Cross-Protective Potential and Protection-Relevant Immune Mechanisms of Whole Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccines Are Determined by Adjuvants and Route of Immunization.[/h] Bhide Y[SUP]1[/SUP], Dong W[SUP]1[/SUP], Gribonika I[SUP]2[/SUP], Voshart D[SUP]1[/SUP], Meijerhof T[SUP]1[/SUP], de Vries-Idema J[SUP]1[/SUP], Norley S[SUP]3[/SUP], Guilfoyle K[SUP]4[/SUP], Skeldon S[SUP]4[/SUP], Engelhardt OG[SUP]4[/SUP], Boon L[SUP]5[/SUP], Christensen D[SUP]6[/SUP], Lycke N[SUP]2[/SUP], Huckriede A[SUP]1[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Adjuvanted whole inactivated virus (WIV) influenza vaccines show promise as broadly protective influenza vaccine candidates. Using WIV as basis we assessed the relative efficacy of different adjuvants by carrying out a head-to-head comparison of the liposome-based adjuvants CAF01 and CAF09 and the protein-based adjuvants CTA1-DD and CTA1-3M2e-DD and evaluated whether one or more of the adjuvants could induce broadly protective immunity. Mice were immunized with WIV prepared from A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) virus intramuscularly with or without CAF01 or intranasally with or without CAF09, CTA1-DD, or CTA1-3M2e-DD, followed by challenge with homologous, heterologous or heterosubtypic virus. In general, intranasal immunizations were significantly more effective than intramuscular immunizations in inducing virus-specific serum-IgG, mucosal-IgA, and splenic IFNγ-producing CD4 T cells. Intranasal immunizations with adjuvanted vaccines afforded strong cross-protection with milder clinical symptoms and better control of virus load in lungs. Mechanistic studies indicated that non-neutralizing IgG antibodies and CD4 T cells were responsible for the improved cross-protection while IgA antibodies were dispensable. The role of CD4 T cells was particularly pronounced for CTA1-3M2e-DD adjuvanted vaccine as evidenced by CD4 T cell-dependent reduction of lung virus titers and clinical symptoms. Thus, intranasally administered WIV in combination with effective mucosal adjuvants appears to be a promising broadly protective influenza vaccine candidate.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] CD4 T cells; cross protection; liposome-based adjuvants; non-neutralizing serum antibodies; protein-based adjuvants; whole inactivated virus (WIV) influenza vaccines
PMID: 30984200 PMCID: PMC6450434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00646
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[h=1]Cross-Protective Potential and Protection-Relevant Immune Mechanisms of Whole Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccines Are Determined by Adjuvants and Route of Immunization.[/h] Bhide Y[SUP]1[/SUP], Dong W[SUP]1[/SUP], Gribonika I[SUP]2[/SUP], Voshart D[SUP]1[/SUP], Meijerhof T[SUP]1[/SUP], de Vries-Idema J[SUP]1[/SUP], Norley S[SUP]3[/SUP], Guilfoyle K[SUP]4[/SUP], Skeldon S[SUP]4[/SUP], Engelhardt OG[SUP]4[/SUP], Boon L[SUP]5[/SUP], Christensen D[SUP]6[/SUP], Lycke N[SUP]2[/SUP], Huckriede A[SUP]1[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Adjuvanted whole inactivated virus (WIV) influenza vaccines show promise as broadly protective influenza vaccine candidates. Using WIV as basis we assessed the relative efficacy of different adjuvants by carrying out a head-to-head comparison of the liposome-based adjuvants CAF01 and CAF09 and the protein-based adjuvants CTA1-DD and CTA1-3M2e-DD and evaluated whether one or more of the adjuvants could induce broadly protective immunity. Mice were immunized with WIV prepared from A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) virus intramuscularly with or without CAF01 or intranasally with or without CAF09, CTA1-DD, or CTA1-3M2e-DD, followed by challenge with homologous, heterologous or heterosubtypic virus. In general, intranasal immunizations were significantly more effective than intramuscular immunizations in inducing virus-specific serum-IgG, mucosal-IgA, and splenic IFNγ-producing CD4 T cells. Intranasal immunizations with adjuvanted vaccines afforded strong cross-protection with milder clinical symptoms and better control of virus load in lungs. Mechanistic studies indicated that non-neutralizing IgG antibodies and CD4 T cells were responsible for the improved cross-protection while IgA antibodies were dispensable. The role of CD4 T cells was particularly pronounced for CTA1-3M2e-DD adjuvanted vaccine as evidenced by CD4 T cell-dependent reduction of lung virus titers and clinical symptoms. Thus, intranasally administered WIV in combination with effective mucosal adjuvants appears to be a promising broadly protective influenza vaccine candidate.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] CD4 T cells; cross protection; liposome-based adjuvants; non-neutralizing serum antibodies; protein-based adjuvants; whole inactivated virus (WIV) influenza vaccines
PMID: 30984200 PMCID: PMC6450434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00646
Free full text