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COVID-19 Reinfections thread-South Korea says no reinfections?-Vietnam, China, Brunei, India..,

'No evidence' antibodies give coronavirus survivors immunity, according to WHO


WHO health experts say "nobody is sure" if humans with coronavirus antibodies could be reinfected.

John Moore/Getty Images
PAUL SACCA

The World Health Organization issued a warning that there is currently no evidence that people who recovered from the coronavirus and have antibodies in their blood plasma will be immune to the deadly virus, which suggests that people who have contracted the disease once might not be immune from being reinfected by the virus.


The WHO cautioned that serological tests, which look for the presence of antibodies in blood plasma, might not be as helpful in identifying immunity because there is no proof that humans can build up immunity to prevent being reinfected by COVID-19.

During a Friday news conference in Geneva, Dr. Maria van Kerkhove
said, "There are a lot of countries that are suggesting using rapid diagnostic serological tests to be able to capture what they think will be a measure of immunity. Right now, we have no evidence that the use of a serological test can show that an individual has immunity or is protected from reinfection.
"





"These antibody tests will be able to measure that level of seroprevalence - that level of antibodies - but that does not mean that somebody with antibodies means that they are immune," said van Kerkhove, head of WHO's emerging diseases and zoonosis unit.

"What the use of these tests will do will measure the level of antibodies," van Kerkhove said. "It's a response that the body has a week or two later after they've been infected with this virus."

Dr. Mike Ryan, executive director of WHO's emergencies program, noted that "nobody is sure" if humans with coronavirus antibodies could be reinfected.

"Nobody is sure whether someone with antibodies is fully protected against having the disease or being exposed again," Ryan said on Monday. "Plus some of the tests have issues with sensitivity. They may give a false negative result."

"With regards to recovery and then reinfection, I believe we do not have the answers to that. That is an unknown," Ryan said. "One would expect that a person who generates a full-blown immune response with detectable antibodies should have protection for a period of time. We just don't know what that period of time is."

Van Kerkhove referenced a preliminary study of the blood plasma of 175 patients in Shanghai who had recovered from the coronavirus.

"And that found some individuals had a strong antibody response," van Kerkhove stated. "Whether that antibody response actually means immunity is a separate question. That's something that we really need to better understand is what does that antibody response look like in terms of immunity."


The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention rolled out a plan to do serologic testing in "more areas with high numbers of people with diagnosed infections." But the CDC also warned that "serologic test results have limitations that make them less than ideal tools for diagnosing people who are sick." The tests are "limited" because "it typically takes one to two weeks after someone becomes sick with COVID-19 for their body to make antibodies; some people may take longer to develop antibodies."

Professor John Newton, Director of Health Improvement at Public Health England, said the public should not use any unproven antibody tests.


"We are breaking new ground with this work every day, and I am confident this major research effort will make a breakthrough," Newton said. "Until then, please don't buy or take any unproven tests. They may not be reliable for your intended use; they may give a false reading and put you, your family or others at risk."

Over 582,000 people of the more than 2.2 million confirmed COVID-19 cases worldwide have recovered.....

:tiphat:https://www.theblaze.com/news/corona...s-immunity-who
 
Corona 19 Wanyang Namyangju 40-year-old man reaffirms after four days of discharge

2020-04-18 15:52

Change font size share comment
(Namyangju = Yonhap News) Reporter Kim Do-yoon = Namyangju, Gyeonggi Province announced that a 40-year-old man who had been cured after suffering from a new coronavirus infection (Corona19) was reconfirmed on the 18th.It has been four days since I was discharged from the hospital.
The man, who lives in Byeolnae-dong, was previously confirmed as Corona 19 on the 20th of last month, was treated at the Pocheon Hospital of Gyeonggi-do Medical Center and the Yongin Life Therapy Center, and was discharged on the 14th to go home.Both tests were negative before discharge....:tiphat:
https://m.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20200418...news03_related
 
.....Of the 163 relapse cases, 109 were women. Daegu, the country's worst virus-hit region, reported the most relapse cases with 67, followed by the surrounding North Gyeongsang Province with 54.

By age group, 38 relapse cases were reported among those in their 20s, followed by people in their 50s with 32 cases.

The KCDC said it took 13.5 days on average for people to be retested positive for COVID-19 after being released from quarantine.

Of the 137 cases that have clinical and epidemiological information, 61 showed symptoms again, the KCDC said.


No secondary infections have been reported from relapse cases, according to the KCDC. Of the 294 people who had contact with those who retested positive for the new coronavirus, the KCDC said it is currently monitoring 256.

Health authorities said they are conducting virus culture tests on 22 samples that it collected from people who retested positive.

Earlier this week, the KCDC released guidelines on handling relapse cases, which recommend cured patients to self-quarantine for 14 days after being discharged from hospitals. Municipal health authorities are also asked to monitor cured patients...

:tiphat:https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200417006800320
 
Himachal Pradesh man who recovered from Covid-19 tests positive again

Coronavirus update: As per the statistics provided by the state health department, one of the three cured patients in Una has again tested positive.

INDIA Updated: Apr 19, 2020 06:17 IST

A person, who had earlier recovered from the novel coronavirus, tested positive for the infection again on Saturday, taking the number of active cases in Himachal Pradesh to 23, officials said.


One more person tested positive for Covid-19 on Saturday, taking the total number of coronavirus cases in the state to 40, according to the officials.

Recurrence of Covid-19 in one of the patients who had recovered from the infection has been reported from Una district, a health official said.

As per the statistics provided by the state health department, one of the three cured patients in Una has again tested positive....:tiphat:https://www.hindustantimes.com/india...iTLldroJK.html
 
https://www.businessinsider.my/5-cov...again-the-star
According to The Star, five such patients in Sabah’s Sandakan and Kinabatangan tested positive for Covid-19 just two days after recovering from the virus.

On April 18, the state government had said that 35 patients in these areas were recovered. This number was revised two days later, The Star said.

According to the new website, the Sabah Health Department later confirmed that patients who were declared recovered had tested negative in two Covid-19 tests.

However, the five patients later tested positive again.

But this is not a unique situation to Malaysia. On April 19, CNN reported that 179 recovered patients in South Korea later tested positive for Covid-19 again.
 
Virus from relapse cases not highly infectious: KCDC
16:17 April 22, 2020

SEOUL, April 22 (Yonhap) -- South Korea's health authorities said Wednesday the novel coronavirus detected from the country's relapse cases appears to be not very infectious or transmissible.

Of the 39 culture tests using samples collected from people who retested positive for COVID-19 after making full recoveries, six were completed and all tested negative for the novel coronavirus, according to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC).

"Although their polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were positive, they tested negative after being cultivated in isolation, meaning the viruses from relapse cases have very low or no infectious power," KCDC chief Jeong Eun-kyeong said.


...
South Korea has reported 207 relapse cases of COVID-19.


:tiphat:https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN2020042...ience/medicine
 
‘Repeat virus patients have little or no infectivity’: KCDC

By Kim Bo-gyung
Published : Apr 22, 2020 - 17:08 Updated : Apr 22, 2020 - 17:15 [TABLE="align: center, border: 0, cellpadding: 0, cellspacing: 0"]
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South Korea’s health authorities said Wednesday that they believe patients who test positive for the novel coronavirus after being declared virus-free have little or no ability to infect others.

The center has completed in-depth examinations of six out of 39 relapses so far, and all six patients came out negative in virus cultivation tests, according to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.


Korea has 207 patients who have tested positive for a second time after apparently making a full recovery.

“Even though they tested positive for the virus that they showed to be negative after the virus was separated and cultivated separately has led us to believe they have little or no infectivity,” KCDC Director General Jeong Eun-kyeong said during a daily update on the novel coronavirus situation.

Reemergence of the virus rose as a point of concern with cases of patients catching the virus after being declared virus-free, coupled with health authorities warning the contagion is most likely to strike again.

Health authorities have also tested 25 survivors of the novel coronavirus and found that they had developed antibodies after being infected.

Out of 25 survivors with coronavirus-neutralizing antibodies, 12, or 48 percent, tested positive for the virus again in genetic testing, according to the KCDC.


“We speculate the duration in which the virus remains in patients’ body differs case by case, even though they have developed antibodies. Additional research is...:tiphat:http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20200422000768
 
Recovered coronavirus patients in China test positive weeks later


By Jorge Fitz-Gibbon

April 22, 2020 | 12:39pm | Updated
Recovered coronavirus patients in China test positive weeks later
....
Doctors in Wuhan, where the outbreak emerged in December, say the patients all tested negative for COVID-19 at some point during their recovery — but then began testing positive again without showing symptoms as much as 70 days after being cleared.


Chinese officials have not released numbers on how many coronavirus patients are part of the phenomenon, but data from Chinese hospitals obtained by Reuters and other media outlets suggest there are at least dozens.

So far, there have been no confirmations of newly positive patients infecting others, according to
Chinese health officials.....


In South Korea, about 1,000 people have reportedly tested positive for four weeks or more, while officials in Italy found that patients could test positive for over a month....:tiphat:
https://nypost.com/2020/04/22/recove...e-weeks-later/
 
Corona, an American resident living in Jeju, reconfirmed after a week of discharge
2020-04-24 22:13

(Jeju = Yonhap News) Reporter Baek Na-Yong = An American who was diagnosed with cure after being infected with the new sixth infection of Coronavirus (Corona 19) in Jeju was admitted to hospitalization after being re-determined.

On the 24th, at 7:30 pm on the 24th, the sixth confirmed person in the country, US Nationality A (30s, 987 domestic), was reaffirmed by the Corona 19 prosecutor and was admitted to the negative pressure room at Jeju National University.


Mr. A, who lives in Jeju, stayed in Madrid, Spain, and arrived on the 19th of last month and was confirmed by Corona19 on the 24th of the same month.

After receiving treatment in the negative pressure hospital room at Jeju National University, A was discharged after being judged to be completely cured on the 17th, but she was hospitalized again after 7 days of discharge.

He was tested positive at the Jeju Health Center this morning by taking a sample.


After A was discharged, he was self-isolation at home in accordance with the Jeju Island management guidelines and was confirmed to have been monitored by the public health center.



It is also known that there have been no symptoms.:tiphat:https://m.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20200424...site=topnews01
 
...The statement comes days after Chile announced it would begin issuing immunity cards to travelers that effectively act as passports, allowing them to clear security at airports with a document that purportedly shows they have already recovered from the virus. Authorities and researchers in other countries — such as France and the United Kingdom — have expressed interest in similar ideas, while some in the U.S., such as Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti, have mentioned it as one possible facet of a reopening strategy.

The concept for such a card is largely based on the premise that an individual can only contract the coronavirus once before developing the necessary antibodies to fight it off. That premise undergirds another common theory: the concept, known as herd immunity, that if enough of the population has been infected with the coronavirus — and is therefore immune — its transmission will slow and the risks of infection will diminish even for those who haven't caught it yet.

But these ideas depend to a large degree on the supposition that one cannot catch the coronavirus a second time — an idea that world health authorities said leaders should not count on right now. As of Friday, the WHO said, "No study has evaluated whether the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 confers immunity to subsequent infection by this virus in humans."


What's more, data reported from the world's early COVID-19 hotspots, such as South Korea and China, have shown that a growing number of recovered patients appear to have suffered a relapse of the disease.

By mid-April, Korean health authorities said that scores of people — or just over 2% of the country's recovered patients — were in isolation again after testing positive a second time. And in Wuhan, China, data from several quarantine facilities in the city, which house patients for observation after their discharge from hospitals, show that about 5%-10% of patients pronounced "recovered" have tested positive again.


As yet, it remains unclear precisely why this is occurring — whether it is a sign of a second infection, a reactivation of the remaining virus in the body or the result of an inaccurate antibody test....:tiphat:https://www.npr.org/sections/coronav...mmune-who-says
 
Recovered, almost: China's early patients unable to shed coronavirus
APR 22, 2020


.....“I really can’t take it anymore,” he said. Diagnosed with the novel coronavirus in early February, the man, who appeared to be in his 50s, had been treated at two hospitals before being transferred to a quarantine center set up in a cluster of apartment blocks in an industrial part of Wuhan.

Why, he asked, did tests say he still had the virus more than two months after he first contracted it?

The answer to that question is a mystery baffling doctors on the front line of China’s battle against COVID-19, even as it has successfully slowed the spread of the coronavirus across the country......




....Chinese doctors in Wuhan, where the virus first emerged in December, say a growing number of cases in which people recover from the virus, but continue to test positive without showing symptoms, is one of their biggest challenges as the country moves into a new phase of its containment battle.

Those patients all tested negative for the virus at some point after recovering, but then tested positive again, some up to 70 days later, the doctors said. Many have done so over 50-60 days.

The prospect of people remaining positive for the virus, and therefore potentially infectious, is of international concern, as many countries seek to end lockdowns and resume economic activity as the spread of the virus slows. Currently, the globally recommended isolation period after exposure is 14 days.

So far, there have been no confirmations of newly positive patients infecting others, according to Chinese health officials.


China has not published precise figures for how many patients fall into this category. But disclosures by Chinese hospitals to Reuters, as well as in other media reports, indicate there are at least dozens of such cases.

In South Korea, about 1,000 people have been testing positive for four weeks or more. In Italy, the first European country ravaged by the pandemic, health officials noticed that coronavirus patients could test positive for the virus for about a month.

As there is limited knowledge available on how infectious these patients are, doctors in Wuhan are keeping them isolated for longer.....:tiphat:https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/20.../#.XqSqISlKjb0
 
Kerala Woman, Who Tested Positive For Coronavirus 19 Times, Recovers And Tests Negative Twice

Apr 25, 2020 12:29 PM IST


Pathanamthitta, April 25: A 62-year-old woman from Kerala's Pathanamthitta, who tested positive for coronavirus 19 successive times, has recovered. The elderly asymptomatic woman tested negative on Friday. "She tested negative twice and will be discharged from the hospital after the state medical board gives its permission," Pathanamthitta district medical officer Dr N Sheeja told Hindustan Times.

The woman contracted the diseases after she came in contact with the Italy-returned family. She was first hospitalised on March 10 after she showed symptoms and soon after tested positive for coronavirus. Following treatment, she recovered and became free from the symptoms. However, she tested positive 19 times. The case baffled doctors as the woman was not showing symptoms.

....Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan had said the case shows coronavirus in unpredictable. "How the coronavirus behaves cannot be predicted. Even after repeat tests every alternative day, the patient is positive," Vijayan had said.

Several cases have been reported where a person tested positive for coronavirus more than 14 days after coming into contact with an infected person. Asymptomatic people are also testing positive for coronavirus. The Union Health Ministry said on Monday that 80 per cent of the COVID-19 cases are either asymptomatic or with mild symptoms.
....:tiphat:https://www.latestly.com/india/news/...e-1707816.html
 
Two test positive for COVID-19 after previously being given the all-clear

Update: April, 29/2020 - 20:01


H? NỘI — Two more COVID-19 patients in Việt Nam who previously were given the all-clear have tested positive again, the Treatment Subcommittee of the National Steering Committee on COVID-19 Prevention and Control reported on Wednesday evening.

The newest relapse cases bring the total number of people testing positive after previously given the all-clear stands at 11.

...

Patient No 130 was declared recovered on March 30 but still monitored at the National Hospital of Tropic Diseases. His tests were positive again on April 4, April 19 and from 25-26.

After being declared to have recovered on April 11, Patient No 50 had two tests come back positive on April 24 on 27....:tiphat:
https://vietnamnews.vn/society/71605...all-clear.html
 
....Is it possible to get COVID-19 twice? Or are we immune once we get it?


Unfortunately, the news here is not good. While catching and successfully fighting off a virus usually results in a natural immunity to it, coronavirus infections do not seem to result in long-term immunity. Individuals could be reinfected when that immunity wanes.

Volunteers experimentally inoculated with HCoV-229E showed a steep decline in antibody response over time, and the majority could be successfully reinfected a year later. Patients infected with SARS-CoV also showed a decline in antibody titers over time. On the animal side, cattle infected with bovine coronavirus (BCoV) — the ancestor of at least one human coronavirus — are susceptible to reinfection and show no long-term immunity.

And some animal coronaviruses are never resolved at all: They become persistent infections. In cats, for example, infection with feline enteric coronavirus may last for months or longer. When this happens, the virus mutates so much that its very nature seems to change. What starts out as a relatively mild gastrointestinal infection eventually causes serious peritonitis (inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal wall) in some animals. Examining the virus at this point in the infection, researchers found that the mutations had resulted in the emergence of a related virus, feline infectious peritonitis virus — and this one has a higher fatality rate.

Currently, there is no evidence of particular mutations in SARS-CoV-2 that may alter its virulence. But researchers will certainly be investigating individuals who test positive again after having one or more negative tests to determine if they have truly been reinfected, or if they have a persistent initial infection that only seemed to go away. (It’s also possible the tests may have produced false negatives.)
.....:tiphat:https://www.quantamagazine.org/what-...ov-2-20200429/
 
Covid-19: After testing negative, Fernando Rocha again testing positive

The comedian had already received a negative test, but a few days later a new test dictated that it was still infected after all.

4/29/20 11:11 AM
FERNANDO ROCHA


Fernando Rock breathed relief when receiving the test that realized that was not already infected with Covid -19. Illness you have struggled with in recent weeks. However, it seems that the comedian is not yet completely free of the disease.

In a conversation with Manuel Lu?s Goucha on TVI's 'Voc? na TV' program , the comedian Hugo Sousa revealed that, three days after the negative test, Fernando Rocha took another test and this confirmed the presence of the disease again. :tiphat:
https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/fam..._campaign=fama
 
Tests in recovered patients in S. Korea found false positives, not reinfections, experts say

The Korea Herald/Asia News Network / 05:09 PM April 29, 2020

SEOUL — South Korea’s infectious disease experts said Thursday that dead virus fragments were the likely cause of over 260 people here testing positive again for the novel coronavirus days and even weeks after marking full recoveries.

Oh Myoung-don, who leads the central clinical committee for emerging disease control, said the committee members found little reason to believe that those cases could be COVID-19 reinfections or reactivations, which would have made global efforts to contain the virus much more daunting.

“The tests detected the ribonucleic acid of the dead virus,” said Oh, a Seoul National University hospital doctor, at a press conference Thursday held at the National Medical Center.

He went on to explain that in PCR tests, or polymerase chain reaction tests, used for COVID-19 diagnosis, genetic materials of the virus amplify during testing, whether it is from a live virus or just from fragments of dead virus cells that can take months to clear from recovered patients.




The PCR tests cannot distinguish whether the virus is alive or dead, he added, and this can lead to false positives.

“PCR testing that amplifies genetics of the virus is used in Korea to test COVID-19, and relapse cases are due to technical limits of the PCR testing.”



As of Sunday, 263 people in Korea tested positive for the disease again after being declared virus-free, of which 17 were minors or teens, the National Medical Center said.

“The respiratory epithelial cell has a half-life of up to three months, and RNA virus in the cell can be detected with PCR testing one to two months after the elimination of the cell,” Oh said.

The committee’s findings confirmed an earlier assessment from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that repeat patients appear to have little or no contagiousness. The KCDC cited results of virus culture tests that all failed to find live virus in recovered patients.

....

The committee ruled out reactivation of COVID-19 as a reason for relapses and said there was little to no possibility that reinfections would occur due to antibodies that patients develop.

“The process in which COVID-19 produces a new virus takes place only in host cells and does not infiltrate the nucleus. This means it does not cause chronic infection or recurrence,” Oh said.....:tiphat:
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/126675...ns-experts-say
 
Does Covid-19 Infection Equal Immunity?

Researchers seek to understand how well, and for how long, survivors resist new infections
By
Robert Lee Hotz
Updated April 19, 2020 2:47 pm ET
As the ranks of Covid-19 survivors swell, scientists are racing to understand how well they resist reinfection—and just how long that hard-won immunity might last.

So far, most medical researchers who have studied coronaviruses related to the pathogen that causes Covid-19—including SARS, MERS and the common cold—are confident that people who do recover gain some immunity to SARS-CoV-2, based on preliminary studies and case reports of the new virus. They don’t know yet whether that protection will last a few months, a few years or a lifetime.
Lengths of Resistance

Average amount of time that people retain immunity to selected viral diseases

LENGTH OF IMMUNITY ILLNESS VIRUS

Covid-19

SARS-CoV-2

Unknown


CORONAVIRUSES

Common cold

HCV-229E

6 months

Severe acute

respiratory

syndrome

SARS-CoV

24 months

Middle Eastern

respiratory

syndrome

MERS-CoV

34 months

OTHERS

Flu

Influenza A

6 months

Measles

Rubeola

Lifelong

Sources: Nextstrain; Epidemiology & Infection;
Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal of
Medical Virology


“The arguments are that a protective response to SARS-CoV-2 will last somewhere between 6 months and 60 years,” said Martin Hibberd, a specialist in emerging infectious diseases at the U.K.’s London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Any time the immune system encounters a new virus, it tailors a custom defense by orchestrating a system of cells, organ and tissues. The strength and longevity of those defenses are affected by heredity, sleep, diet, stress and hygiene, to name a few factors, medical experts say. All play into the levels of protective antibodies a patient can produce to ward off infection—and under the right circumstances, that immunity could last a lifetime...:tiphat:https://www.wsj.com/articles/does-co..._copyURL_share
 
Tests in recovered patients found false positives, not reinfections, experts say

By Kim Bo-gyung
Published : Apr 29, 2020 - 17:18 Updated : Apr 29, 2020 - 17:40
South Korea’s infectious disease experts said Thursday that dead virus fragments were the likely cause of over 260 people here testing positive again for the novel coronavirus days and even weeks after marking full recoveries.

Oh Myoung-don, who leads the central clinical committee for emerging disease control, said the committee members found little reason to believe that those cases could be COVID-19 reinfections or reactivations, which would have made global efforts to contain the virus much more daunting.


“The tests detected the ribonucleic acid of the dead virus,” said Oh, a Seoul National University hospital doctor, at a press conference Thursday held at the National Medical Center.

He went on to explain that in PCR tests, or polymerase chain reaction tests, used for COVID-19 diagnosis, genetic materials of the virus amplify during testing, whether it is from a live virus or just from fragments of dead virus cells that can take months to clear from recovered patients.

The PCR tests cannot distinguish whether the virus is alive or dead, he added, and this can lead to false positives.


“PCR testing that amplifies genetics of the virus is used in Korea to test COVID-19, and relapse cases are due to technical limits of the PCR testing.”....

The committee ruled out reactivation of COVID-19 as a reason for relapses and said there was little to no possibility that reinfections would occur due to antibodies that patients develop.

“The process in which COVID-19 produces a new virus takes place only in host cells and does not infiltrate the nucleus. This means it does not cause chronic infection or recurrence,” Oh said
.:tiphat:http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20200429000724
 
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