Costa Rica:Covid-19 cases - 55454 cases and 8590 deaths

[sharon sanders]

Costa Rica - COVID-19 cases - 396 - 2 deaths

First case suspected by COVID-19 in Costa Rica

March 5, 2020 . The Ministry of Health studies the first suspected case by Covid-19. This is a 52-year-old Costa Rican woman, a neighbor of the Canton of Pococ?, who was in Italy and Tunisia and who arrived in the country on February 29 with no symptoms that match the case definition, starting later with the symptomatology.



The case is classified as suspicious after the respiratory panel (FilmArray) was negative today, ruling out that the symptoms are due to another type of respiratory virus.

The Health authorities activated all the isolation and care protocols for the patient, who remains isolated in her house. At the same time, the respective samples were taken in order to send them to the Costa Rican Institute for Research and Teaching in Nutrition and Health (Incense) to carry out the test that discards or confirms the case.

...

https://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/...-en-costa-rica

 

[Shiloh]

Source: https://www.eleconomista.net/actual...primer-caso-de-coronavirus-20200306-0024.html

Costa Rica confirms first case of coronavirus
By Free Press March 6, 2020 - 15:37 HS

Costa Rica confirmed on March 6 the first case of covid-19 in his country, the first also in Central America.
Costa Rican health authorities report in a press conference the first confirmed case of covid-19.

The infected patient is a 49-year-old woman, an American tourist, who is isolated in the capital San Jos?.

In addition, there is another patient, the woman's husband, whose case is "highly suspicious," health minister Daniel Salas told a news conference.

According to official information, it was the husband who had direct contact with a positive covid-14 patient in New York before arriving in Costa Rica. Both patients are stable.

The couple arrived in Costa Rica on March 1, recently visited Puntarenas and Alajuela, and had contact with at least five people, which are sought by the authorities to evaluate them.

President Carlos Alvarado called for calm and to attend to the information and recommendations of the health authorities.

Meanwhile, in Guatemala, there are no confirmed cases of the new coronavirus, although the Executive activated the state of Calamity to facilitate prevention actions.

An Italian tourist requested medical attention in Quich? for believing he might have the virus - he had been working on a cruise ship - but his case was ruled out ...

 

[Shiloh]

Source: https://delfino.cr/2020/03/costa-rica-sube-a-5-los-casos-confirmados-de-covid-19-mas-7-sospechosos

Costa Rica up to 5 confirmed cases of COVID-19, plus 7 suspects
MAR 7, 2020
7:04 PM
COVID-19 in Costa Rica: 5 confirmed cases, 7 suspects, 2 discarded

The Ministry of Health of Costa Rica raised the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the country to five, a disease caused by the new coronavirus; while handling seven suspicious cases.

Laboratory tests conducted at the Costa Rican Institute for Research and Education in Nutrition and Health (Incense) yielded four new confirmed cases, which add to the first reported case in the country, which was a 49-year-old American woman.

According to the Ministry of Health, the new cases correspond to the 49-year-old man, husband of the American, who became the first confirmed case in Costa Rica. He still has no symptoms of the disease.

Then there is a 54-year-old man, Costa Rican, who remains hospitalized in a delicate condition in a hospital because in addition to the disease COVID-19 suffers from diabetes and developed pneumonia; this man's aunt, a 73-year-old woman; and the caretaker of that patient's aunt, a 41-year-old Costa Rican.

Foreigners remain isolated and under medical supervision in Josefino hotel. Costa Ricans are isolated in public hospitals. All stable health, except the 54-year-old Costa Rican who remains delicate.

Additionally, the Ministry of Health reported seven suspicious cases between nationals and foreigners: one more contact of the 54-year-old Costa Rican, plus six people who have no connection with each other, nor with those confirmed; but they meet the definition of a suspect case and also the respiratory panel, which excludes other diseases, was negative. All are kept isolated in hotel or residential centers.

Due to the increase in the number of suspicious cases that arises day by day, the Ministry of Health will, for the moment, handle the report of suspicious cases and confirmed daily, going into detail only in confirmed cases.

 

[Shiloh]

Source: https://www.guatevision.com/internac...de-coronavirus


Costa Rica confirms nine cases of Coronavirus
Sunday News
20:00 - 21:00 HRS
People infected with covid-19, three foreigners and six Costa Ricans, remain isolated in their hotels and public hospitals.
by Daniel Guill?n Flores March 08, 2020 - 18:20 PM

Infected patients are a 49-year-old American woman - confirmed to wear the coronavirus last March 6 - and her 49-year-old husband, who still has no symptoms.

In addition to three Costa Rican citizens: a 54-year-old man who remains hospitalized in a delicate condition in a public hospital, a 73-year-old woman - aunt of the hospitalized patient - and a 41-year-old woman - caregiver of the old woman.

To these are added two women of 54 and 56 years and a man of 34 years, the three of Costa Rican nationality, who were in contact with the patient whose state of health is complicated.

Also a woman of US nationality, 70 years old and residing in Costa Rica, who has records of recent trips to the United States.

Foreigners remain isolated in the hotel where they stay while Costa Ricans in public welfare centers.

The Ministry of Health of Costa Rica also confirms that they handle 34 suspicious cases among citizens of their country and foreigners, mostly related to the 54-year-old Costa Rican in a delicate state.

 

[Shiloh]

Source: https://ticotimes.net/2020/03/10/co...es-of-coronavirus-what-you-need-to-know-today

...A further 11 people have what are considered suspected cases, while 59 people who were thought to have COVID-19 have since been ruled out.

The confirmed cases are located in four provinces: San Jos?, Heredia, Guanacaste and Alajuela. The individuals are:

• A 49-year-old woman and her 49-year-old husband, who are both U.S. citizens. The husband remains asymptomatic.
• A 54-year-old man, Costa Rican, who remains in serious condition. Eight Costa Ricans ages 11-73, who had contact with the 54-year-old man, have also tested positive.
• Another 54-year-old man, Costa Rican, whose epidemiological link to COVID-19 is unclear.
• A 70-year-old U.S. woman, who is a Costa Rican resident but recently traveled through two North American airports...

 

[Shiloh]

Source: http://www.diarioextra.com/Noticia/detalle/413174/casos-de-covid-19-ascienden-a-22

VIDEO: COVID-19 cases amount to 22
CCSS authorities enable new disability model
The positive cases of coronavirus COVID-19 in Costa Rica now amount to 22 confirmed positive sick people, as recently reported by the Ministry of Health at a press conference.

A total of 118 opportunities were ruled out of the number of people under suspicion.

The cases respond in a distributed way to 18 adults, 2 older adults and 2 minors.

On the other hand, authorities of the Costa Rican Social Security Fund (CCSS) met in an extraordinary way this morning where they coordinated to authorize a new disability model, which will involve those people suspected of having the disease.

Given the declaration of a pandemic issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the early hours of this Wednesday, the Costa Rican health authorities confirmed that this only means increasing preventive measures to avoid massive contagion among the healthy population.

Daniel Salas, Minister of Health, considers it likely that the increase in positive cases will continue in the coming days, but this is not where attention should be focused, but rather on preventive actions to avoid a larger spread.

 

[Shiloh]

Source: https://qcostarica.com/canadian-wom...-with-covid-19-upon-returning-to-her-country/


Canadian woman who was in Liberia tested positive with covid-19 upon returning to her country
The Oakville, Ontario woman had been in Colorado earlier in the month and had mild symptoms on the flight from Toronto to Liberia; she tested positive on her return to Canada
By Rico -
13 March 2020 36

A 40-year-old Canadian who was in Liberia, Guanacaste, from Saturday, March 7 to Monday, March 9, tested positive for the covid-19 coronavirus upon returning to her home in Oakville, Ontario, Canada, west of Toronto.

Oakville News confirmed on Thursday, March 12, that the woman returned from Colorado, U.S., earlier this month and the symptoms started to appear on March 7.

“The individual also has recent travel history to Costa Rica. It has been determined that she had mild symptoms on flights from Toronto to Liberia, Costa Rica (Flight 2644; WestJet) on March 7 and then Liberia, Costa Rica to Toronto (Flight 2643; WestJet) on March 9, 2020,” reported the Oakville News.

The woman began presenting symptoms on March 7, the same day she arrived at the Daniel Oduber Quir?s International Airport (LIR) from Toronto...

 

[Gert van der Hoek]

Dominican Republic - New Coronavirus, Covid-19 - 1,380 Cases; 60 deaths

[h=1]There are already five cases of coronavirus in the country[/h] The three new cases of coronavirus registered in the country are imported, with a total of five, reported yesterday the Health Minister, Rafael S?nchez C?rdenas.

He explained that these are five travelers who entered the Dominican Republic through the International Airports of Las Americas and Punta Cana, between February 22 and March 3 of the current year.

Of the three new cases of Covid-19, the first is a 12-year-old boy of Dominican nationality, who was in France and Spain, but entered the country without symptoms through the Las Americas International Airport; However, on March 5 he presented symptoms, so he was taken to a private medical center in Santiago.


"We want to ratify to all citizens that these three new cases are also imported. There is still no proven evidence that the virus is circulating within the Dominican population. There is no community circulation of the virus, ”said Health Minister S?nchez C?rdenas.

He recommended that all citizens wait calmly, without exaltation or panic, to verify the community circulation of the virus that has not occurred to date.

The minister expressed that schools and colleges should continue with their activities in a normal way and only children who present respiratory symptoms or who have a recent history of travel to countries with circulation, should be withdrawn and notify the authorities.

 

[Gert van der Hoek]

9Second phase of attention yellow alert COVID-19: Preventive closure to schools at risk, 50% reduction in meeting space capacity and suspension of trips abroad for public employees

To date there are 23 confirmed cases and 206 discarded


March 12, 2020 . The President of the Republic Carlos Alvarado and the Minister of Health, Daniel Salas today announced new preventive measures before the COVID-19, in this line the preventive closings to educational centers at risk were instructed, the reduction in 50% of the approved capacity of public meeting spaces and suspension of trips abroad for public employees.


In those educational centers where risk factors are detected, their closure will be instructed by health order of at least 14 business days, with the possibility of extending them. Along these lines, social and health criteria will be analyzed that will be applied by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health to apply these closings.

 

[Gert van der Hoek]

Costa Rica has confirmed 26 cases of the novel coronavirus, the Health Ministry announced Friday afternoon.

The figure marks a three-person increase over Thursday’s report. It also corresponds to the first confirmed case in the province of Cartago.

“We haven’t had a major increase in cases,” said Health Minister Daniel Salas. “This doesn’t mean that the situation is stabilizing. There will continue to be more cases, but the actions we all take can help prevent a significant jump in cases.”

Three people are currently hospitalized with COVID-19, and one — a 54-year-old Costa Rican man — remains in serious condition. Two-hundred eighty-nine people have tested negative, the Health Ministry said.

Next week, Costa Rica will expand coronavirus testing to be available at Hospital M?xico, San Juan de Dios Hospital, National Children’s Hospital and “probably at the private level, too,” according to Dr. Roberto Arroba, Coordinator of Influenza for the Health Ministry.

 

[Gert van der Hoek]

The Minister of Health reported last night that the number of Covid-19 rises to 11


Three Dominicans, two Venezuelans and one French are newly infected with COVID-19, bringing the number of cases with positive diagnoses to 11 in the Dominican Republic.

In an impromptu press conference and without questions at the headquarters of the Ministry of Public Health, the head Rafael S?nchez C?rdenas made the announcement after 10:00 at night, without offering further details, promising that today he would break down the cases before the country.

S?nchez C?rdenas also confirmed that the Haitian who died in Jiman? when he was traveling by bus from Santo Domingo to Port-au-Prince, and who had an autopsy performed in the Azua province, tested negative for “coronavirus”.

Another citizen who died at the Moscoso Puello hospital, who was suspected of having COVID-19, also found the results negative, according to C?rdenas.

The official explained that 37 new tests for "coronavirus" were immigrated yesterday afternoon in the laboratory, whose samples confirmed the six new cases.

h/t https://twitter.com/jenny_toribio

 

[Shiloh]

Source: https://www.elmundo.cr/costa-rica/se-confirman-35-casos-de-coronavirus-en-costa-rica/

35 cases of coronavirus are confirmed in Costa Rica
March 15, 2020 Karla P?rez Gonz?lez Costa Rica

San Jos?, Mar 15 (elmundo.cr) - This Sunday, the Costa Rican Ministry of Health reported that there are 35 cases of COVID-19, commonly known as coronaviruses, in the country.

There are 19 women and 16 men, of whom 30 are Costa Rican and 5 are foreigners, with positive cases being registered in San Jos?, Heredia, Guanacaste, Alajuela and Cartago.

By age we have: 28 adults, three seniors and four minors. At this time 450 people have been discarded. Four of the confirmed patients are in hospitals, three of them in intensive care.

An executive agreement between the President of the Republic, Carlos Alvarado and the Minister of Health, Daniel Salas, will grant health authority to members of the Public Force for surveillance and control, both to verify the closure of bars, clubs and casinos. , as to ensure 50% of visiting capacity for the other meeting centers.

The business that fails to comply with the guideline will be closed for 30 business days, with the support of the security forces.

The new list of the Ministry of Education registers 350 educational centers closed due to risk, both due to lack of water and due to links with COVID-19 cases. The list is dynamic and constantly updated.

 

[Shiloh]

Source: https://www.elmundo.cr/costa-rica/se-confirman-41-casos-de-coronavirus-en-costa-rica/

41 cases of coronavirus are confirmed in Costa Rica
March 16, 2020 Karla P?rez Gonz?lez Costa Rica
Doctor Daniel Salas, Minister of Health, Press Conference on Measles cases in the country, Presidential House, Costa Rica. twenty-one

San Jos?, Mar 16 (elmundo.cr) - Health Minister Daniel Salas confirmed on Monday that there are 41 cases of coronavirus in the country.

It is about 21 men and 20 women; of which only six are foreigners. A total of people with the epidemic are in hospitals, and three of them are in intensive care.

The government of the Republic also decreed a state of National Emergency, due to the threat of COVID-19, commonly known as coronavirus.

"The state maintains the yellow alert, but the state of National Emergency was decreed to take more agile and necessary actions, especially at the administrative level, to protect our population," said the President of the Republic, Carlos Alvarado.

Lessons are suspended in public and private schools from this Tuesday until April 4.

Only Costa Ricans and residents of the country will be able to enter the country from Wednesday, a measure that will last until April 12, and they must remain in quarantine for 14 days.

This emergency declaration will remain in force for the period that the Executive Power provides, according to reports issued by the National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Care or, failing that, for the maximum period established by the National Prevention Law. of Risks and Emergency Attention, Law N ? 8488, being able to be extended or modified by executive decree if the emergency conditions require it.

 

[Shiloh]

Source: https://delfino.cr/2020/03/19-nuevos-casos-de-covid-19-en-costa-rica-cifra-total-llega-a-699 new cases of COVID-19 in Costa Rica; total figure reaches 69
MAR 18, 2020
12:47 PM

The Costa Rican Ministry of Health confirmed that in the last 24 hours 19 new confirmed cases of COVID-19 were added in the country, bringing the total number of cases to 69. This is the largest jump in the number of confirmed cases since the health emergency began.

Of the confirmed cases, three are kept in Intensive Care Units. The number of people discarded from having contracted the new coronavirus rose to 855.

The Ministry of Health announced that the Mexico Hospital, the San Juan de Dios Hospital and the Children's Hospital already have tests to diagnose cases of COVID-19.

“In line with the recommendations of the World Health Organization, the most important thing is to do tests, tests and more tests. For this reason, it is vital to take advantage of the structure that our health system has to move towards the empowerment of the COVID-19 diagnostic test at the national level ”, emphasized the Minister of Health, Daniel Salas.

The network of laboratories of the Costa Rican Social Security Fund, with a national scope, allows for a faster response, in approximately 12 hours.

Incense currently satisfies the diagnostic capacity that the country requires, however, working with the CCSS will allow expanding and speeding up these diagnoses.

Confirmed cases have an age range of 8 to 87 years. There are 30 women and 39 men, of whom 63 are Costa Rican and 6 are foreigners.

Positive cases are registered in 25 cantons of five provinces: San Jos?, Heredia, Guanacaste, Alajuela and Cartago. Puntarenas and Lim?n continue without cases. By age we have: 57 adults, 7 older adults and 5 minors. Seven people are hospitalized, three of them in intensive care.

There are five contagion conglomerates, one in Alajuela that is responsible for 25 of the transmissions, another in Escaz? that has nine related infections, another focus in P?rez Zeled?n with three cases, one in Desamparados with six cases and foreigners in Escaz? who were the first diagnosed. The rest are isolated cases. There are still six cases where its epidemiological link is being investigated.

********************

Source: https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Costa-Rica-reports-first-death-due-to-coronavirus-621505

Costa Rica reports first death due to coronavirus
By REUTERS MARCH 19, 2020 00:58

The Costa Rican health ministry said on Wednesday that it had reported its first death due to coronavirus, an 87-year-old man who had been hospitalized west of the capital...

 

[Shiloh]

Source: https://ticotimes.net/2020/03/20/co...s-of-coronavirus-municipalities-close-beaches

Costa Rica up to 113 known cases of coronavirus; municipalities close beaches
Alejandro Z??iga
March 20, 2020

Costa Rica has surpassed 100 known cases of the novel coronavirus, reaching 113 confirmed instances, the Health Ministry announced Friday.

The figure marks a 26-person increase over the same time Thursday. It is the largest day-to-day increase since Costa Rica identified its first COVID-19 case on March 6.

The 113 cases comprise 67 men and 46 women, including nine elderly adults...

 

[Shiloh]

Source: https://qcostarica.com/covid-19-in-costa-rica-confirmed-117-we-cannot-let-our-guard-down/


Covid-19 in Costa Rica: Confirmed 117; “We Cannot Let Our Guard Down”
By Rico -
21 March 2020 39

The confirmed cases of the coronavirus covid-19 in Costa Rica reached 117, according to the report by the Ministry of Health this Saturday, March 21 at noon. An increase of 4 over the previous day, when 113 cases were confirmed...

...Of the 117 positive patients, 107 are Costa Rican and 10 are foreigners. The count by sex is 48 women (41%) and 69 men (59%) in an age range of 2 to 87.

1,190 people have been ruled (tested negative and 2 patients have recuperated, the first two cases in the country, on March 6, an American couple arriving from New York. The wife became ill, while the husband, though testing positive, never displayed any symptoms...

...The cantons on the list are: Alajuela, San Jos?, Escaz?, Santa Ana, Curridabat, Grecia, La Uni?n, Po?s, Cartago, Desamparados, Heredia, Moravia, Montes de Oca, Nicoya, P?rez Zeled?n, San Pablo, Coronado, San Carlos, Santa Cruz, Tib?s, Atenas, Barva, Lim?n, San Rafael, Santa Barbara y Santo Domingo.

Alajuela leads with the most number of cases (25), followed by San Jose (12), Escazu (11) and Santa Ana (7); the rest of the cantons range from one to five cases each.

Puntarenas continues to be the only province without a confirmed case.

Costa Rica has reported two deaths due to the covid-19...

 

[Shiloh]

Source: https://www.larepublica.net/noticia/costa-rica-reporta-nuevos-casos-de-covid-19-este-domingo

Costa Rica reports 17 new cases of Covid-19 and already affects all provinces
Walter Herrera | Sunday March 22, 2020 01:00 pm

The Ministry of Health reported that this Sunday closes with 134 cases for COVID-19, with an age range between 2 to 87 years. There are 55 women and 79 men, of whom 117 are Costa Rican and 17 foreigners.

Positive cases are registered in 28 cantons of seven provinces, today Puntarenas joins the case registered in San Vito. By age there are: 113 adults, 14 older adults and 7 minors.

1,400 people have been discarded and two have been discharged, and two regrettable deaths are recorded, two Costa Rican men, both 87 years old.

Nine people are hospitalized, three of them in intensive care.

Read more: Coronavirus takes second life in Costa Rica: another older adult

Health authorities emphasized the responsible way in which the situation is being handled with isolations of confirmed, suspects and their contacts.

Finally, the Minister of Health, Daniel Salas, thanked the commitment that most of the citizens have shown, staying at home, while stressing the need to continue this behavior, hand in hand with hygiene measures. .

The Health Minister took the opportunity to draw attention to the responsible use of water.

 

[Shiloh]

Source: https://qcostarica.com/seriously-il...-to-covid-19-are-between-36-and-54-years-old/


Seriously Ill Patients in Costa Rica Due To COVID-19 Are Between 36 and 54 Years Old
Of the 177 confirmed cases, only 16 are seniors
By Rico -
25 March 2020 25

The four people hospitalized in different Intensive Care Units (ICU) of Costa Rica, due to complications in their health from COVID-19, are young adults. They are two men and two women, 36, 38, 49 and 54...

...There are 14 people in the country interned by COVID-19. Six have already been confirmed and another eight are suspected.

In addition, the majority of the confirmed cases are of young adults, of the 177 confirmed cases, on Tuesday, March 24, only 16 are seniors. In the confirmed cases of covid-19, included are 7 minors...

 

[Shiloh]

Source: http://www.elpais.cr/2020/03/25/costa-rica-sube-a-201-nuevos-casos-de-covid-19/


Costa Rica with 22 new cases and 201 people with Covid-19
By Elpais.cr
- March 25, 2020

Authorities of the Government of Costa Rica. CP

San Jos?, Mar 25 (Elpa?s.cr) .- The Government of Costa Rica reported that 201 cases of Covid-19 have been registered, while 1,684 have been discharged after the corresponding analyzes.

“To the young people who think that this is not the issue with me, know that it can also affect you. Yesterday we spoke that we have people in intensive care between the ages of 35 and 50.

Almost 15% of the population over 20 years of age is diabetic and more than 30% is hypertensive, factors that can complicate the disease. The reaction that I have asked of you these days includes all of us, ”emphasized the Minister of Health, Daniel Salas.

As of March 25, 201 positive cases for COVID-19 are registered, with an age range between 2 to 87 years. There are 84 women and 117 men, of whom 183 are Costa Rican and 18 are foreigners.

Positive cases are registered in 39 cantons in seven provinces. By age there are: 177 adults, 17 older adults and 7 minors.

1684 people have been discarded, 2 have been discharged, and two regrettable deaths are recorded, two Costa Rican men, both 87 years old.

Six people are hospitalized, 4 of them in intensive care

 

[Shiloh]

Source: https://www.eldiario.es/sociedad/Costa-Rica-continua-aumento-COVID-19_0_1010000187.html

Costa Rica continues with increase in cases and reaches 231 due to COVID-19
EFE - San Jos?
03/26/2020 - 22: 24h

Costa Rican authorities reported on Thursday that cases of the coronavirus COVID-19 continue to rise and reached 231 confirmed, 30 more in the last 24 hours, while the country manages the purchase of more tests for the short term.

Costa Rica's Health Minister Daniel Salas told a virtual press conference that of the total 101 are women and 130 men between the ages of 2 and 87. In addition, two people have died and two are recovered, since the first case was confirmed on March 6.

The authorities indicated that there are six people interned, five of them in intensive care. In total there are 43 cantons, out of 82 in the country, with positive cases. The most affected are Alajuela, San Jos?, Santa Ana, Escaz? and Tib?s, all located in the center of the country.

"The number of cases, the seriously ill and the deceased, are going to increase. The call is to not make irresponsible driving if we let go at this time, what is going to happen is that people are going to become seriously ill. Let's do the physical distancing and social, these are key weeks. It sounds like we have repeated it many times, but we have to do it, "said Salas.

The minister also expressed his concern that the weekend is approaching, and called on people to continue with the distancing, coughing and sneezing protocols, as well as constantly washing their hands.

The authorities of the Costa Rican Social Security Fund (CCSS) indicated that they have implemented a strategy under three approaches, first trying a minimum occupation, reconversion of the service to increase beds, and expansion using out-of-hospital facilities.

The director of the CCSS Emergency and Disaster Care Center, Daniel Quesada revealed that the entity is managing the purchase of 10,750 additional tests, for the short term and has invested a total of $ 31 million in supplies, equipment and resources to respond to the pandemic.

"All this effort will not work if people do not pay attention, the measures are implemented so that there is no peak that collapses the health centers. In this scenario, a feeling of collaboration must arise, but the best grain of sand is to take care of yourself and stay at home, so that the system can give them timely attention, "Quesada said.

Costa Rican authorities also indicated that five private laboratories were authorized to carry out the test for COVID-19, which are added to state hospitals, as well as to the Costa Rican Institute for Research and Teaching in Nutrition and Health.

Costa Rica keeps its borders closed for the entry of foreigners, suspending the school year and massive events, and ordered the closure of places such as bars, discos, parks, national parks, beaches, among others, as a preventive measure.