tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
JVI Accepts, published online ahead of print on 17 August 2011
J. Virol. doi:10.1128/JVI.05369-11
Comparative analysis of avian influenza virus diversity in poultry and humans during a highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N7) outbreak
Marcel Jonges1,2, Arnaud Bataille3,4, Remko Enserink1, Adam Meijer1, Ron A.M. Fouchier2, Arjan Stegeman3, Guus Koch4, and Marion Koopmans1,2
1 National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
2 Department of Virology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
3 Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
4 Central Veterinary Institute, Wageningen University & Research Center, Lelystad, The Netherlands
Telephone: +31 30 274 8641; Fax: +31 30 274 4418; E-mail: marcel.jonges{at}rivm.nl
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ABSTRACT
Although increasing data becomes available that links human adaptation with specific molecular changes in non-human influenza viruses, the molecular changes of these viruses during a large highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in poultry along with avian-to-human transmissions have never been documented. By comprehensive virologic analysis of combined veterinary and human samples obtained during a large HPAI A(H7N7) outbreak in the Netherlands in 2003, we mapped the acquisition of human adaptation markers to identify the public health risk associated with a HPAI outbreak in poultry. Full length haemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and PB2 sequencing of A(H7N7) viruses obtained from 45 human cases showed amino acid variation at different codons in HA (n=20), NA (n=23) and PB2 (n=23). Identification of the avian sources of human virus infections using 232 farm sequences demonstrated that for each gene about 50% of the variation was already present in poultry. Polygenic accumulation and farm-to-farm spread of known virulence and human adaptation markers in A(H7N7) virus infected poultry occurred prior to farm-to-human transmission. These include the independent emergence of HA A143T mutants, accumulation of four NA mutations and farm-to-farm spread of virus variants harbouring mammalian host determinants D701N and S714I in PB2. This implies that HPAI viruses with pandemic potential can emerge directly from poultry. Since the public health risk of an avian influenza virus outbreak in poultry can rapidly change, we recommend virologic monitoring for human adaptation markers on poultry as well as humans during the course of an outbreak in poultry.
http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/short/JVI.05369-11v1?rss=1
J. Virol. doi:10.1128/JVI.05369-11
Comparative analysis of avian influenza virus diversity in poultry and humans during a highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N7) outbreak
Marcel Jonges1,2, Arnaud Bataille3,4, Remko Enserink1, Adam Meijer1, Ron A.M. Fouchier2, Arjan Stegeman3, Guus Koch4, and Marion Koopmans1,2
1 National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
2 Department of Virology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
3 Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
4 Central Veterinary Institute, Wageningen University & Research Center, Lelystad, The Netherlands
Telephone: +31 30 274 8641; Fax: +31 30 274 4418; E-mail: marcel.jonges{at}rivm.nl
arrow
ABSTRACT
Although increasing data becomes available that links human adaptation with specific molecular changes in non-human influenza viruses, the molecular changes of these viruses during a large highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in poultry along with avian-to-human transmissions have never been documented. By comprehensive virologic analysis of combined veterinary and human samples obtained during a large HPAI A(H7N7) outbreak in the Netherlands in 2003, we mapped the acquisition of human adaptation markers to identify the public health risk associated with a HPAI outbreak in poultry. Full length haemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and PB2 sequencing of A(H7N7) viruses obtained from 45 human cases showed amino acid variation at different codons in HA (n=20), NA (n=23) and PB2 (n=23). Identification of the avian sources of human virus infections using 232 farm sequences demonstrated that for each gene about 50% of the variation was already present in poultry. Polygenic accumulation and farm-to-farm spread of known virulence and human adaptation markers in A(H7N7) virus infected poultry occurred prior to farm-to-human transmission. These include the independent emergence of HA A143T mutants, accumulation of four NA mutations and farm-to-farm spread of virus variants harbouring mammalian host determinants D701N and S714I in PB2. This implies that HPAI viruses with pandemic potential can emerge directly from poultry. Since the public health risk of an avian influenza virus outbreak in poultry can rapidly change, we recommend virologic monitoring for human adaptation markers on poultry as well as humans during the course of an outbreak in poultry.
http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/short/JVI.05369-11v1?rss=1