tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
lin Med
. 2022 May 30;11(11):3099.
doi: 10.3390/jcm11113099.
The Role of Heparin in COVID-19: An Update after Two Years of Pandemics
Marco Mangiafico[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Andrea Caff[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Luca Costanzo[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and coagulopathy, especially in critically ill patients. Endothelial damage induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is emerging as a crucial pathogenetic mechanism for the development of complications in an acute phase of the illness and for several postdischarge sequalae. Heparin has been shown to have a positive impact on COVID-19 due to its anticoagulant function. Moreover, several other biological actions of heparin were postulated: a potential anti-inflammatory and antiviral effect through the main protease (M[SUP]pro[/SUP]) and heparansulfate (HS) binding and a protection from the damage of vascular endothelial cells. In this paper, we reviewed available evidence on heparin treatment in COVID-19 acute illness and chronic sequalae, focusing on the difference between prophylactic and therapeutic dosage.
Keywords: COVID-19; coagulopathy; heparin; low molecular weight heparin; thromboprophylaxis.
. 2022 May 30;11(11):3099.
doi: 10.3390/jcm11113099.
The Role of Heparin in COVID-19: An Update after Two Years of Pandemics
Marco Mangiafico[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Andrea Caff[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Luca Costanzo[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35683485
- DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113099
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and coagulopathy, especially in critically ill patients. Endothelial damage induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is emerging as a crucial pathogenetic mechanism for the development of complications in an acute phase of the illness and for several postdischarge sequalae. Heparin has been shown to have a positive impact on COVID-19 due to its anticoagulant function. Moreover, several other biological actions of heparin were postulated: a potential anti-inflammatory and antiviral effect through the main protease (M[SUP]pro[/SUP]) and heparansulfate (HS) binding and a protection from the damage of vascular endothelial cells. In this paper, we reviewed available evidence on heparin treatment in COVID-19 acute illness and chronic sequalae, focusing on the difference between prophylactic and therapeutic dosage.
Keywords: COVID-19; coagulopathy; heparin; low molecular weight heparin; thromboprophylaxis.