tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Clin Infect Dis
. 2022 Jun 10;ciac470.
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac470. Online ahead of print.
Population-weighted seroprevalence from SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity among U.S. blood donations from January-December 2021
Michael P Busch[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Susan L Stramer[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mars Stone[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Elaine A Yu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Eduard Grebe[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Edward Notari[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Paula Saa[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Robyn Ferg[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Irene Molina Manrique[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Natalia Weil[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Rebecca V Fink[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Matt Levy[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Valerie Green[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Sherri Cyrus[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Phillip C Williamson[SUP] 5 [/SUP], James Haynes[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jamel Groves[SUP] 3 [/SUP], David Krysztof[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Brian Custer[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Steve Kleinman[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Brad J Biggerstaff[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Jean D Opsomer[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Jefferson M Jones[SUP] 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, independently and combined ("hybrid immunity"), result in partial protection from subsequent infection and strong protection from severe disease. Proportions of the U.S. population that have been infected, vaccinated, or with hybrid immunity remain unclear, posing a challenge for assessing effective pandemic mitigation strategies.
Methods: In this serial cross-sectional study, nationwide blood donor specimens collected during January-December 2021 were tested for spike and nucleocapsid antibodies, and donor COVID-19 vaccination history of ≥1 dose was collected. Monthly seroprevalence induced from SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination, or both, were estimated. Estimates were weighted to account for demographic differences from the general population, and were compared temporally and by demographic factors.
Results: Overall, 1,123,855 blood samples were assayed. From January to December 2021, the weighted percentage of donations with seropositivity due to: vaccination without previous infection increased from 3.5% (95% CI, 3.4%-3.7%) to 64.0%, (95% CI, 63.5%-64.5%); previous infection without vaccination decreased from 15.6% (95% CI, 15.2%-16.0%) to 11.7% (95% CI, 11.4%-12.0%); hybrid immunity increased from 0.7% (95% CI, 0.6%-0.7%) to 18.9% (95% CI, 18.5%-19.3%); and from infection, vaccination, or both increased from 19.8% (95% CI (19.3-20.2) to 94.5% (95% CI, 93.5%-94.0% 0.1%). Infection- and vaccination-induced antibody responses varied significantly by age, race-ethnicity, and region, but not by gender.
Conclusions: Our results indicate substantial increases in population humoral immunity from SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and hybrid immunity during 2021. These findings are important to consider in future COVID-19 studies and long-term pandemic mitigation efforts.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; antibodies; immunity; seroprevalence; vaccination.
. 2022 Jun 10;ciac470.
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac470. Online ahead of print.
Population-weighted seroprevalence from SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity among U.S. blood donations from January-December 2021
Michael P Busch[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Susan L Stramer[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mars Stone[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Elaine A Yu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Eduard Grebe[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Edward Notari[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Paula Saa[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Robyn Ferg[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Irene Molina Manrique[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Natalia Weil[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Rebecca V Fink[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Matt Levy[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Valerie Green[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Sherri Cyrus[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Phillip C Williamson[SUP] 5 [/SUP], James Haynes[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jamel Groves[SUP] 3 [/SUP], David Krysztof[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Brian Custer[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Steve Kleinman[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Brad J Biggerstaff[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Jean D Opsomer[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Jefferson M Jones[SUP] 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35684973
- DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac470
Abstract
Background: Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, independently and combined ("hybrid immunity"), result in partial protection from subsequent infection and strong protection from severe disease. Proportions of the U.S. population that have been infected, vaccinated, or with hybrid immunity remain unclear, posing a challenge for assessing effective pandemic mitigation strategies.
Methods: In this serial cross-sectional study, nationwide blood donor specimens collected during January-December 2021 were tested for spike and nucleocapsid antibodies, and donor COVID-19 vaccination history of ≥1 dose was collected. Monthly seroprevalence induced from SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination, or both, were estimated. Estimates were weighted to account for demographic differences from the general population, and were compared temporally and by demographic factors.
Results: Overall, 1,123,855 blood samples were assayed. From January to December 2021, the weighted percentage of donations with seropositivity due to: vaccination without previous infection increased from 3.5% (95% CI, 3.4%-3.7%) to 64.0%, (95% CI, 63.5%-64.5%); previous infection without vaccination decreased from 15.6% (95% CI, 15.2%-16.0%) to 11.7% (95% CI, 11.4%-12.0%); hybrid immunity increased from 0.7% (95% CI, 0.6%-0.7%) to 18.9% (95% CI, 18.5%-19.3%); and from infection, vaccination, or both increased from 19.8% (95% CI (19.3-20.2) to 94.5% (95% CI, 93.5%-94.0% 0.1%). Infection- and vaccination-induced antibody responses varied significantly by age, race-ethnicity, and region, but not by gender.
Conclusions: Our results indicate substantial increases in population humoral immunity from SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and hybrid immunity during 2021. These findings are important to consider in future COVID-19 studies and long-term pandemic mitigation efforts.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; antibodies; immunity; seroprevalence; vaccination.